R.N.G.
Patel Institute of Technology
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Automobile Engineering
Topic: Under the guidance of
Braking System Prof. V.A. Mistry
Prepared by
Parmar Yash M. 170840119056
Patel Aniket B. 170840119060
Brake
• A brake is a mechanical device that
inhibits motion by absorbing energy
from a moving system.
• It is used for slowing or stopping a
moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to
prevent its motion, most often
accomplished by means of friction.
Energy Conversion
The brake system converts the kinetic
energy of vehicle motion into heat
Friction
Classification of Braking System
• On the Basis of Power Source • On the Basis of Frictional Braking
• Mechanical braking system Contact
• Hydraulic braking system • Internal expanding brakes (e.g.- drum
• Air or pneumatic braking system brakes)
• Vacuum braking system • External contracting brakes(e.g. disc
• Magnetic braking system brakes)
• Electric braking system
Classification of Braking System
• On the Basis of Application • On the Basis of Brake Force
• Foot or service brakes Distribution
• Hand or parking brakes • Single acting brakes
• Dual acting brakes
Mechanical braking system
• Mechanical brakes arrests the energy of
a machine via force, most commonly
friction.
• They uses a coarse and rugged material
that is tightened against a body in
motion.
• Friction based braking generates
immense heat and some noise.
• Degrading of all engaged surfaces
occurs so inspection and replacement is
required.
Hydraulic braking system
• Hydraulic brakes work on the
principle of PASCAL’S LAW.
• Brake pedal force is transmitted to
the wheel brakes through
pressurized fluid.
• Commonly used brake fluid is Glycol
Ethers or Diethylene Glycol.
• Heavy equipment uses hydraulics .
Air or pneumatic braking system
• Air brakes uses compressed air
to operate the braking system.
• When brake paddle is pressed ,
the compressed air rotates the
brake cam which in turn pushes
the brake shoe to the drum,
applying brake.
• These are mostly used in heavy vehicles like trucks etc.
Vacuum braking system
• Braking action is produced by
creating vacuum on one side
of piston, which pushes it and
brakes are applied.
• The vacuum is created by
using intake manifold.
• In start there is only vacuum on both side of piston , when we push
the brake paddle , atmospheric pressure is applied on one side of
piston pushing it on other side .
Electric braking system
• Also called “Regenerative braking” is an
energy recovery mechanism which slows
a vehicle by converting kinetic energy
into a form which can be used instantly
or stored until needed.
• The electricity flow causes the magnets
to push brake shoe on the drums and
apply brake.
• These are currently used in hybrid or
fully electric vehicles like Toyota Prius
and Tesla Roadster.
Drum Brake
• In this type of brakes, a brake drum
is anchored concentric to the axle
hub whereas on the axle, casing is
mounted a back plate.
• The back plate is made of pressed
steel sheet and is ribbed to increase
rigidity and to provide support.
Different components of drum
• When we press brake paddle, it brakes
pushes the brake shoe with • Brake shoe
frictional linings to the drum . • Backing plate
• Brake drum
• Wheel cylinder
• Return spring
Disc Brake
• The disc brake has a metal disc instead
of a drum.
• It has a flat shoe, or pad, located on
each side of the disc.
• These two flat shoes are forced tightly
against the rotating disc.
• The friction between the shoes and the Different components of disk brake
disc slows and stops the disc. • Brake pads
• Rotor
• Calipers
• Wheel hub
• Piston housing
Parking Brake
• The Parking or emergency brake is used
to keep the vehicle stationary or to
perform an emergency stop.
• The Parking brake will press against rear
drum brakes mechanically with a force
that is less than in the main braking
system.
• When the lever is pulled, the hydraulic
pressure forces the brake shoe to the
drum, applying the brakes.
Anti-lock braking system
• An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a
safety anti-skid braking system used on
aircraft and on land vehicles, such as
cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses.
• ABS operates by preventing the wheels
from locking up during braking,
thereby maintaining tractive contact
with the road surface and allowing the
driver to maintain more control over
the vehicle.
• In case of sudden braking, there is a
possibility of an immediate loss of traction
between the tyres and the road surface.
• This can cause tyres to skid. The situation
becomes worse when all this happens
uncontrollably.
• In such a case, the vehicle continues to be in
motion, and the loss of grip may result in the
driver or the rider losing control over the
steering of the vehicle. This may, in turn,
lead to an accident. That’s where an ABS
comes to the rescue!
Hybrid Brakes
Fig 1. Hybrid braking system in disc brake Fig 2. Hybrid braking system in drum brake
Hybrid braking system in disc brake
• In case of hydraulic braking system disc
brake, brakes were applied with the help of
hydraulic actuation system in which brake
fluid move with the pressing of pedal and
hence moves the brake shoes and ultimately
stopping the vehicle.
• In case of hybrid braking system in disc
brake the hydraulic system as shown in Fig is
replaced by wireless network and Fig 1. Hybrid braking system in disc brake
mechanical actuation is being done.
• We have to press only one shoe hence 1 pair
of rack & pinion is only required
Hybrid braking system in drum brake
• Drum brake contain two brake shoe hence
actuation should be such that using single rack
& pinion mechanism we can press both the
brake shoes.
• When motor will rotate the shaft connected
with pinion will also rotates, hence the rack will
move resulting in pressing of brake shoe. Fig
shows the actual mechanism of actuation in
case of drum brake.
Fig 2. Hybrid braking system in drum brake
The Future of Brake Technology
• German OEM supplier Siemens is developing new braking technology
called electronic wedge brake.
• This can dramatically reduce stopping distances of vehicles compared
to hydraulic brake systems.
• Working: During the braking operation, a brake pad attached to a wedge is pressed
between the brake caliper and the brake disc. As the wheel turns the wedge effect is
automatically increased. This allows any level of braking power with a minimal effort. It is
reported to require only one tenth of the energy that hydraulic brakes require. The whole
system is flyby wire and runs on 12V.
🚗⚡Thank You ⚡
