MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES
MATTER
Is divided into two broad
categories: pure substance
and mixture.
PURE SUBSTANCES
A pure substance is a form
of matter with uniform
composition and constant
properties all throughout.
EXAMPLE
MIXTURES
Is a form of matter
composed of two or more
different substances that are
physically combined.
PURE SUBSTANCES:
Pure substances is a kind of
matter that is made up of one
or two atoms with uniform
composition and constant
properties all throughout. It is
further divided into elements
and compounds
ELEMENTS
An element is a substance composed of one kind
of atom. It cannot be broken down into simpler
chemical components. Elements can be classified as
metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
CLASSIFICATION OF
ELEMENTS
METALS
Metals are mostly in solid
form, except for mercury which
is liquid at room temperature.
They posses luster and they
shine when lights fall on them.
METALS
• Good conductor of electricity.
• Metas are malleable.
• They can be hammered into thin sheets.
• They are also ductile as they can be drawn into fine wires.
• They can withstand stress and strain.
EXAMPLES:
NONMETALS
Nonmetals exist in solids, liquids and gases. They
are usually light in weight. They are used as
insulators because they are poor conductors of heat
and electricity. They are not ductile, malleable, and
strong to withstand stress and strain.
EXAMPLES:
METALLOIDS
Metalloids are elements that have properties of both
metal and nonmetals. Metalloids are solid but lack
luster. They are typically semiconductors, which means
they both insulate and conduct heat and electricity.
EXAMPLES:
COMPOUNDS
Compounds are a combination of two or more elements
that are chemically combined. When elements are
combined to form compound, elements lose their own
identity and characteristics. The new substance formed has
different characteristics and properties from the original
elements. Compounds have definite proportion.
COMPOUNDS
Compounds are usually written shorthand using their
corresponding chemical formula. A chemical formula is an
arrangement of symbols and numbers that describe a
compound.
Chemical Formula
Notice that number 2 is written after H. It
is smaller and is set in subscript. This number
tells how many atoms of hydrogen in are I
one molecule of water. If the molecule
contains only one atom of element, you don’t
need to place 1 after the element. The
number written after an element tells the
number of atom of an element.
EXAMPLES:
KINDS OF COMPOUNDS
Compounds are classified as acids and bases.
ACIDS
Acids are compounds that produce hydrogen ions when
dissolve in water. Some acids are weak and some are
strong. Weak acids are sour (Kamias, Calamansi, Green
mango). Strong acids can corrode metals and can eat
away flesh (Hydrochloric acid and Muriatic acid).
BASES
Bases are compounds that produce hydroxide ions
when dissolved in water. Bases usually feel slippery and
have bitter taste. They can react with acids to form salt
and water. Strong base, like Sodium hydroxide (NaOH),
can burn flesh.
INDICATORS
An indicator is a substance that changes color at
certain range of pH values. Litmus paper and pH scale are
examples of indicators. In acids, a strip of blue litmus
paper changes to red. Acids can react with compounds
containing hydroxide ions to form water and salt. In
bases, a strip of red litmus paper changes to blue when
dipped on it.
EXAMPLE OF INDICATORS
