AMERICAN
COLONIAL PERIOD
(1898-1940)
MAJOR ART MOVEMENTS
• Bound by the treaty of Paris in 1898, Spain surrendered the
Philippines to the United States.
• What are the changes brought about by the Americans?
Sedition Law- banned the writing, printing and the publication of
materials advocating Philippine independence.
• Tanikalang Ginto(1902)-Juan Abad, Hindi Ako
Patay(1903)-Juan Matapang, Kahapon, Ngayon at
Bukas (1903)-Aurelio Tolentino-served as a medium
for political protest, openely attacking the Americans.
• Engish as the lingua franca, and taught English in
their public school system.
• Thomasites as the first teachers.
• Tranvia system/train- was slowly replaced by truck
and automobiles.
• Telegraph, photograph, printing and motion picture.
• Classical ballet and Modern Ballet
• Balagtasan- a form of poetic debate in tagalog that
developed from the traditional duplo( a folk
extemporaneous verbal debate performed durinf
fiestats and wakes.
• The first balagtasan was performed at the Institutio
de Mujeres in Amnila to honor Francisco Balagtas.
• Komiks was also flourished.
• A Modern Filipina by Lino Castillejo and Jesus
Araullo- first play written in English.
• Vaudeville, which was originated in France, was
another form of theater in 1920’s, it is a combination
of songs, dance, acrobats, comedy skits and chorus.
• Neoclassic Architecture may incorporate decorative
sculptural elements house in a pediment, as
exemplified by the A national Art Gallery.
• Fernando Amorsolo- known for his romantic paintings
that captured the warm glow of the Philippine
sunlight.
• Guillermo Tolentino (Sculpture)-studied fine arts in
Rome, known for his Oblation (1935) of the
University of the Philippines , and the Bonifacio
monument, 1933 in Caloocan.
• The Builders by Victorio Edades showed distorted
figures of toiling workers using dull colors.
JAPANESE
OCCUPATION(1941-1945)
• KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas)-
sponsors art competitions even modern art projects during
Japanese Occupation had slow down.
• Japanese sponsored productions such as Shin-Seiki, and
newspapers magazine, Liwayway and Tribune.
MUSIC
• Felipe de Leon- said to have been commanded at the
point of a gun to write Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong
Pilipinas, declared as an anthem specifically for the
period, it conveys allegiance to the nation where Japan
was actively asserting its political power.
• Sa kabukiran- sang by Sylvia la Torre, composed by
Levi Celerio offers an escape from the troubles of war.
• Japanese wants paintings during the pre-colonial
traditions such as Study of an Aeta by Crispin Lopez.
• Sa Kabukiran- sang by Sylvia la Torre, composed by Levi
Celerio offers an escape from the troubles of war.
• Japanese wants paintings during the pre-colonial traditions such
as Study of an Aeta by Crispin Lopez.
NEO-REALISM, ABSTRACTION,
AND OTHER MODERN ART
STYLES
• Neo-realism-a kind of modernism, which explored folk themes and
also crafted commentaries in an urban condition and the effects of the
war.
-Manansala’s The Beggars in 1952 consists of two women with
emaciated bodies, their forlorn faces set against the dark background
capturing the dreariness of poverty.
-Tuba Drinkers, 1954, Legaspi’s Gadgets II, 1949, depicts half-
naked men almost engulfed in the presence of machines.
THE BEGGARS
• Abstraction- another strand of modern art that
emerged more definitively during the period. This
consists of simplified forms which avoided mimetic
(exact copy) representation.
• Referred to non-representational or non-objective
art and emphasized the relationship of line, color,
and space.
• Street Musicians, 1952
• Cargadores, 1951
V. 70’S TO
CONTEMPORARY
• Martial Law was declared on September 21, 1972, under this,
Marcos envisioned a New Society or Bagong Lipunan, which
worked toward the rebirth of a long lost civilization, and
aspiration to modernization and development and development
on the other.
• Fine arts, architecture, interior design, tourism, convention city
building (hotels, theaters, coliseums), engineering, urbam
planning, health, and many others.
• Bagong Pagsilang- a song by Levi Celerio and Felipe Padilla de
Leon for the New Society.
• Tektite tower (1995), Renaissance (1995), World
Trade Exchange (1996).
THE CCP AS SHRINE FOR THE
ARTS
• The Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP), was the premier
bureaucratic entity through which art acquisition, exhibition making
and workshops, grants, and awards were implemented. Created on
June 25, 1966 through Executive Order 30 and inaugurated in 1969,
Leandro Locsin, designed the modernist cantilevered building
described as a cross between the vernacular bahay kubo.
• Cinderella, Les Miserables, Miss Saigon, Wicked, and Phantom of
the Opera have seen playbills at the CCP.
• The Coconut Palace- by Architect Francisco Mańosa fashioned the
roof to look like salakot.
• SR(Social Realism)
• A significant strand that emerged during the intense political ferment of
the 70’s and 80’s. using various mediums, techniques, and styles, SR is
a form of protest art that exposed the socio political issues and struggles
of the times. It differs from the other realist movements since its regard
for the oppressed and underpressed masses, inequality, and other forms
of repression.
• Cultural Center of the Philippines
• Established through Executive Order No. 30 s. 1966 by President Ferdinand Marcos, the CCP provides
performance and exhibition venues for various local and international productions at its 62-hectare (150-
acre) complex located in the Cities of Pasay and Manila. The Cultural Center of the Philippines was opened
on September 8, 1969, three days before the President Marcos’ 52nd birthday
• The Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas (Folk Arts Theater)
• Famous concerts are usually staged in this covered amphitheater which has a seating capacity of 8,458 with
ten sections. More commonly known by its original name of Folk Arts Theater, the building was originally
built to seat an audience of 10,000 and was commissioned by then First Lady Imelda Marcos in 1974 for the
Miss Universe Pageant, which was to be held in Manila. Inaugurated on July 7, 1974, the theater was built in
record time of seventy-seven days in time for the pageant and was designed by Leandro V. Locsin. For
development purposes, it is subject to be torn down in the future
Philippine International Convention Center (PICC)
• This state-of-the-art convention center located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines complex in Pasay,
Metro Manila, has been the host of numerous local and foreign conventions, meetings, and social affairs.
The Central Bank of the Philippines (now Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas) was authorized by Presidential
Decree No. 520 to construct an international conference building, acquire a suitable area for that purpose,
and organize a corporation to manage a conference center. Thus, the PICC was organized under the
Corporation Code. In a short span of 23 months, from November 1974 to September 1976, construction of
the PICC Complex was undertaken with Leandro Locsin as architect, who was later on named a National
Artist. The complex was inaugurated on September 5, 1976
• Makiling Center for the Arts (National Arts Center)
• Located in Mount Makiling, Los Baños, Laguna, The National Arts Center was established in 1976 by First Lady Imelda Marcos as a
sanctuary for young and aspiring Filipino artists. Its various buildings and facilities are scattered over 13.5 hectares of the Makiling Forest
Reservation and also houses the Philippine High School for the Arts (see in Google Maps).
• Nayong Pilipino
• Nayong Pilipino was built from scratch in 1969 through the patronage of former First Lady Imelda Marcos. It is on its fourth product
cycle in almost 50 years. A 32-acre theme park which is about 10-minute drive from the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) that
features scaled-down replicas of the country’s top tourist destinations such as Mayon Volcano, the Banaue Rice Terraces and the
Chocolate Hills. It also highlights Filipino creativity in arts and crafts. But after 32 years of operation, Asia’s first theme park was forced
to close its doors in 2001 and was removed from its original site near the Ninoy Aquino International Airport I. In 2006 President Gloria
M Arroyo gave Nayong Pilipino a new home in Clark as a major attraction of the Centennial Expo. In March 2012, the Aquino
administration breathed new life into Nayong Pilipino with a new Memorandum of Agreement between Clark Development Corporation
and the Nayong Piilpino Foundation (see in Google Map).
• People’s Park in the Sky
• Built in 1981 during the Marcos regime, it was to serve as a guest house for then U.S. President Ronald Reagan who was set to visit the
Philippines. The visit never transpired due to the EDSA People Power and the Marcoses being ousted. Located within the park is The
Shrine of Our Lady, Mother of Fair Love and a doppler weather radar station maintained by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) (see in Google Maps).
• Philippine Heart Center
• Originally named as Philippine Heart Center for Asia , the Philippine Heart Center in Quezon City was established through Presidential
Decree No. 673 issued by President Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1975. Inaugurated on February 14, 1975, cardiovascular specialists including
Christian Barnard, Denton Cooley, Donald Effler, and Charles Bailey practiced at the center. The first Director of the PHC was Avenilo P.
Aventura (1974-1986), a cardiovascular surgeon who performed many pioneering operations in the Philippines including the first
successful renal transplantation in 1970, the first CABG in 1972, and developed and implanted the first ASEAN bioprosthesis, the PHCA
porcine valve. The first patient to be admitted to the PHC was Imelda Francisco, on April 14, 1975 (see in Google Maps).
• Lung Center of the Philippines
• Under Presidential Decree No. 1823 by President Ferdinand Marcos, the Lung Center of the Philippines was established on January 16,
1981 to provide health care that specifically targets lung and pulmonary disease. It is located in Quezon Avenue, Quezon City. It was later
placed under the administration of the Ministry of Health by President Corazon Aquino on July 29, 1986 under Executive Order No. 34.
A fire on May 16, 1998 destroyed much of the center’s build and equipment. It was reopened on March 1, 1999 and a new building partly
funded by its fire insurance is now under construction (see in Google Maps).
• The National Kidney and Transplant Institute
• Formerly known as the National Kidney Foundation of the Philippines, the institute was established on January 16, 1981 as tertiary
ITAK NG PUSO NI MANG JUAN
BY ANTIPAS DELOTAVO, 1978
• Eduardo Castillo’s gigantic metal work Pieta, 1969, evoked a strong
feeling if anguish and loss through the expressive poses of Mary the
mother and the oversized body of Christ which she supports.
• In 90’s, when support from the state was practically non-existent ,
artist were empowered to initiate projects like regional festivals.
• The studio extends to various sites– classrooms, streets, and even
cyberspace.
• Philippine popular music during 1970’s was characterized by the
popularity of local compositions.
• The end of Martial Law brought Philippine art to new era of
expression and experimentation.
ACTIVITY NO. II
Ganito kami noon, ano kayo ngayon?
ON A ¼ SHEET, IDENTIFY FROM
WHAT PERIOD OF ART THE FF.
1. Taqiyah FORMS BELONG:
2. Estampistas
3. Public school system
4. Shin seiki
5. Liwayway
6. Cave paintings
7. Retablos
8. CPP
9. Plaza Complex
10. Coconut Palace
CRITERIA
Poetry (Content)--------------40
Projection/Delivery-----------20
Diction/Pronounciation------20
Gestures/Actions--------------20
_________
100
