AEROMODELLING

WORKSHOP
 What is Aeromodelling?

 Aeromodelling is the art of designing, building and

flying miniaturized aircrafts
(powered or non-powered).

 It is both a hobby and sport; the hobby aspect involves

building and assembling model aircraft, and the sport
part involves the flying.
 Model airplanes are
sized down models of an
aircraft

 The calculations are

easy and importance is
given to building of the
plane
What is this Workshop about?

 Did you always want to get into the aviation

industry? Have you ever dreamt of becoming an
Aeronautical Engineer? Ever wondered how it feels
to design your own aircraft and see it soar into the
sky? Then Take a Break and come to Jet wings RC
Aircraft Workshop.
WHY ?
 This workshop by Jet wings gives you an opportunity
to understand the theory behind the functioning of
aircraft and aircraft design. It makes you innovate by
coming up with your own design of an RC aircraft
and fabricate it from scratch. An interactive lecture
session and design session helps you design the best
performing aircraft.
Basic Aerodynamics
Forces acting on a plane
 LIFT
 It’s the upward force acting on the planes due to the
air flow over the wings
 It is determined by the design of the wing and the
wind nature as
L=1/2ρV2ACL
CL is the lift coefficient
V is flight speed, A is wing area
ρ is density of air
 THRUST
 It’s the force provided by the engine of the plane
 Mainly two type of thrust generators are used
1. IC Engines
2. Electric Motors
We will be seeing about electric motors here
 WEIGHT
 This is the weight of the plane along with its payload
and motors.
 This should be minimized as much as possible by
proper design.
 DRAG
 This is the weight of the plane along with its payload
and motors.
 This should be minimized as much as possible by
proper design.
Difference between aircraft and airplane?

 An aircraft is any machine that can fly. 

 Airplanes, hot air balloons, helicopters, or even

flying platforms are considered aircraft.

 An airplane is a specific type of aircraft that has

fixed wings and engine, it is heavier than air that is
capable of sustained, powered, and controlled flight.
What is an RC aircraft or RC plane?

 A remote-controlled aircraft
is a small flying machine
that is controlled remotely
by an operator on the ground
using a hand-held radio
transmitter
 Materials used for RC aircrafts

 Balsa
 Styrofoam
 Depron
 Coroplast
Balsa

 This wood is very light and can

easily work for almost every
purpose in aeromodelling.
 It can be drawn in sheets of even
1mm thickness.
Styrofoam

 This material is light as well

as strong.
 It is a kind of expanded
polystyrene used especially
for making RC aircraft
structure.
Depron

 It is a closed cell Styrofoam

foam in sheet form. 
 It is a fantastic medium for
building model aircraft.
 It is extremely lightweight.
Coroplast

 Coroplast is simply the two

sheets of plastic separated by
another layer of zigzagged
plastic.
 It is lightweight, inexpensive,
and fairly sturdy.
COMPONENTS
 Electrical components

 Brushless motor
 Servos motor
 Transmitter
 Receiver
 Electronic speed controller
 LI Po Battery.
Brush-Less DC motor (BLDC)
 A Brush-Less DC motor (BLDC) is a synchronous
electric motor which is powered by direct-current
electricity (DC) .
 Which has an electronically controlled commutation
system, instead of a mechanical commutation system
based on brushes.
 In such motors, current and torque, voltage and rpm
are linearly related.
Internal BLDC Motor Contraction
servo motor
 A Servo is a small device that has an output shaft.
 This shaft can be positioned to specific angular
positions by sending the servo a coded signal.
 As long as the coded signal exists on the input line,
the servo will maintain the angular position of the
shaft.
 As the coded signal changes, the angular position of
the shaft changes.
Transmitter

 A transmitter is an electronic device which, usually

with the aid of an antenna, propagates an
electromagnetic signal such as radio, television, or
other telecommunications.
 When talking about RC transmitter modes we are
referring to how the transmitter is set up to control the
airplane
 which sticks operate which controls on the model.
Receiver
 It consists of receiver module and a
antennae wire of about 2-3 feet long.
 The receiver gets signal from the
transmitter and then acts upon the
servos
 Nowadays there are ECSs which
have separate power for the receiver
so there is no need for separate
power.
Lithium polymer batteries
 Li-poly batteries are also gaining favor in the world
of Radio-controlled aircraft as well as Radio-
controlled cars where the
advantages of both lower weight and greatly
increased run times can be sufficient justification
for the price.
 However ,lithium polymer-specific chargers are
required to avoid fire and explosion.
WING ASPECTS
 Wings and Aerofoil
 The lift generation is decided by the shape of the
wings and the aerofoil

 The lifting force is provided by the difference in

the pressure of air flowing below and above the
wing and is governed by Bernoulli’s principle
 How do you design a good wing?

 By proper calculation of the

wingspan , wing loading and
aspect ratios
 By making a good aerofoil
 By optimizing the angle of
attack to have good lift to
drag ratios
Angle of Attack (aoa)
This is the relative angle made by the wind with the wings
Relation between aoa & lift
 Angle of attack is directly
proportional to the lift
coefficient till a maximum
limit which is generally
about 17o
 After which the plane stalls
CONTROL SURFACES
 These are the surfaces which divert the
direction of wind to provide change in direction
of flight

 There are basically three types of rotation of

plane which provide the change in direction
Rotation of a plane
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
 Wing Loading
 It is the ratio of the weight of the plane to the wing
area
 Gives a measure of the load given per unit area of
the wing
 Wing loading is an important factor which decides
the balance between the forces
 Aspect Ratio(AR)
 Aspect Ratio is the ratio of square of
wingspan to the area of the wing

AR = l2 / A

Where ‘l’ is the wingspan and A is the area of

wing
Typical aspect ratios for gliders are 6-8
POWERING THE
PLANE
 Motor

ECS
Thrust Battery

Propellers
 Motor specifications
 After the thrust required is calculated the
configuration of the motor is decided
 The motor is selected by its KV rating which is
basically the RPM per volt it can deliver
 The KV rating is calculated by max current so
while selecting a battery and ECS see to it that
continuous current rating is greater than motor
rating.
 Typical motors
 One of the usually motors used is the 2204 motor
which provides about 350 gms of thrust
 The thrust provided also depends upon the
propellers used which is again specified by its pitch
and diameter length.