Lesson 3:

Internet Protocols
What is internet protocols?

 Protocols are sets of rules. Internet protocols

requires messages to arrive within a certain
amount of time so that computers do not wait
indefinitely for messages that may be lost.
Protocols also suggest alternative ways when the
network does not meet the timing rules.
The main functions of
protocols are:
 Identifying errors
 Compressing the data
 Deciding how the data should be sent
 Addressing the data
 Deciding how to announce sent and received data
Common protocol that you may encounter as your
IT experience grows:
 The Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
Protocol (TCP / IP)
 Internetwork Packet Exchange / Sequenced Packet
Exchange (IPX/SPX)
 NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI)
 AppleTalk
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Common protocol that you may encounter as your
IT experience grows:
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Secure Shell (SSH)
 Telnet
 Post Office Protocol (POP3)
 Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
 The Transmission
Control Protocol / Internet
Protocol (TCP / IP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - is a
communications standard that enables application
programs and computing devices to exchange
messages over a network. It is designed to send
packets across the internet and ensure the successful
delivery of data and messages over networks.
TCP is one of the basic standards that define the
rules of the internet and is included within the
standards defined by the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF). It is one of the most commonly used
protocols within digital network communications
and ensures end-to-end data delivery.
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method for sending
data from one device to another across the internet.
Every device has an IP address that uniquely identifies
it and enables it to communicate with and exchange
data with other devices connected to the internet.
Today, it’s considered the standard for fast and secure
communication directly between mobile devices.
IP is the main protocol within the internet layer of
the TCP/IP. Its main purpose is to deliver data
packets between the source application or device and
the destination using methods and structures that
place tags, such as address information, within data
packets
Internetwork Packet Exchange /
Sequenced Packet Exchange
Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet
Exchange (IPX/SPX) is a set of network protocols
that provide packet switching and sequencing for
small and large networks. IPX works at layer three of
the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model and
SPX works at layer 4.
IPX/SPX is the legacy internetworking protocol for
Novell NetWare. It was derived from the XNS (Xerox
Network System) protocol, which was developed in
the 1970s. It is usually just called "IPX," although
some sources refer to it as "IPX/SPX," "SPX/IPX," or
"Novell protocol." Note that TCP/IP is now the
primary Novell NetWare internetwork protocol.
NetBIOS Extended
User Interface
NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI) is a
non-routable transport protocol that provides
network/network layer support while optimizing
small to medium-sized operating systems (OS).
NetBEUI works for internal LAN communication.
NetBEUI expands the Network Basic Input/Output
System (NetBIOS), which is an application
programming interface (API) developed by IBM in
1983.
AppleTalk
AppleTalk is the original networking protocol for
Apple Macintosh networks. AppleTalk enables users
to share folders and printers for access by other
network users.
AppleTalk is a proprietary suite of networking protocols
developed by Apple Inc. for their Macintosh computers.
AppleTalk included a number of features that allowed local
area networks to be connected with no prior setup or the need
for a centralized router or server of any sort. Connected
AppleTalk-equipped systems automatically assigned addresses,
updated the distributed namespace, and configured any
required inter-networking routing. It was a plug-n-play system.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of
rules for transferring files -- such as text, images,
sound, video and other multimedia files -- over the
web. As soon as a user opens their web browser, they
are indirectly using HTTP.
Through the HTTP protocol, resources are exchanged
between client devices and servers over the internet.
Client devices send requests to servers for the resources
needed to load a web page; the servers send responses
back to the client to fulfill the requests. Requests and
responses share sub-documents -- such as data on images,
text, text layouts, etc. -- which are pieced together by a
client web browser to display the full web page file.
File Transfer Protocol
It provides services for file transfer and
Manipulation.

File transfer protocol (FTP) is a way to download,

upload, and transfer files from one location to another
on the Internet and between computer systems.
Secure Shell Protocol
SSH stands for Secure Shell or Secure Socket
Shell. It is a cryptographic network protocol that
allows two computers to communicate and share the
data over an insecure network such as the internet. It
is used to login to a remote server to execute
commands and data transfer from one machine to
another machine.
The SSH protocol was developed by SSH
communication security Ltd to safely communicate
with the remote machine.
Secure communication provides a strong password
authentication and encrypted communication with a
public key over an insecure channel.
Telnet
Telnet is a network protocol used to virtually access
a computer and to provide a two-way, collaborative
and text-based communication channel between two
machines. It follows a user command Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
networking protocol for creating remote sessions.
It is a network protocol that allows a user to log into
another computer which part of the same network.
Post Office Protocol
POP3, or Post Office Protocol version 3, is a
commonly used standard protocol for receiving
emails. It retrieves email messages from a server
over a TCP/IP connection. The current version is the
third version of the original protocol, hence the '3' at
the end of POP3.
Internet Message Access Protocol
Internet Message Access Protocol is also used to
download e-mail from remote mail server.

IMAP allows you to access your email wherever you are,

from any device. When you read an email message using
IMAP, you aren't actually downloading or storing it on your
computer; instead, you're reading it from the email service.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a
TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving e-
mail. It is typically used with POP3 or Internet
Message Access Protocol to save messages in a
server mailbox and download them periodically from
the server for the user.

It is also used to send e-mail to remote e-mail server.