BASIC SYNTAX/
SENTENCE
PATTERNS
Dr. Lety Chawag
BASIC ENGLISH
SENTENCE PATTERN 1
SVO Pattern
Subject (Topic) + Verb (Action) + Object( Receiver)
The accountant met her client
Japanese Sentence Pattern 1
S0V Pattern
Subject Object Verb
Kaikeishi kuraianto Aimashita
(The accountant) (client) (met)
Compare (Hikaku):
Compare ( Hikakimasu):
English Nihongo
Subject Verb Object Subject Object Verb
Anata wa Sushi o tabemasu
You Eat Sushi (You) (sushi) (eat)
Nihongo Particles Added to the Sentence
Elements
Subject Particle Object Particle Verb
(wa) (o )
Anata sushi tabemasu
(you)
+ Wa
(sushi)
+ o (eat)
Subject +wa Object + 0 Verb
Nyūkoku kanri-kan wa Shitsumon o Shimashita.
( The immigration officer) ( question) (asked)
Watashi wa Shiken o Oemashita.
( I) (the exam) (finished)
Anata wa tsumetai mizu o nomimasu.
( You) ( cold water) (drink)
Nyūkoku kanri-kan : (Anata wa ) Pasupōto o misete kudasai.
( Immigration Officer) You passport show
Kankōkyaku: Kore ga/wa watashi no pasupōtodesu.
( Tourist) Here my passport is
Nyūkoku kanri-kan: Anata wa nihongo o hanasemasu ka?
( Immigration officer) you Japanese speak
Kankōkyaku: Hai, watashi wa nihongo o hanashimasu.
( Tourist) Yes, I Japanese speak
Basic English Sentence Pattern 2
S-LV-SC Pattern
Subject (Topic) + Linking Verb + Subject Complement
( is, am, was, were, feels ) (either a noun or adjective )
I am a teacher
I am pretty.
Nihongo Sentence Pattern 2
S+SC+LV
Subject Subject Complement Linking Verb
(kenmei) (kenmei hogo) (rinku doushi)
Anata Utsukushii desu.
(you) (beautiful) (are)
Most Common Nihongo Particles
Rei (example):
Subject/Topic time place object verb
Watashi wa goji ni uchi de sushi o tabemasu
I at 5:00 at home sushi eat
Translation: I eat sushi at 5:00 at home.
Rei (example):
Subject/
Topic time origin verb
Kare wa gojii ni Manira kara kimashita
I at 5:00 from Manila came
Translation: She came from Manila at 5:00.
In Nihongo, you may shuffle the sentence
elements except the verb.
sakana o uchi de goji ni Watashi wa tabemasu
sushi at home at 5:00 I eat
Subject /Speaker Time Place Direct object verb
Translation :I eat sushi at 5:00 at home.
If you shuffle the particles, the meaning
changes.
Watashi o goji ni uchi de Sushi wa tabemasu
I at 5:00 at home sushi eat
Direct Object Time Place Subject Verb
Translation : Sushi eats me at 5:00 at home.
Practice Task
Assemble the elements to form a logical and grammatical sentence :
Maaku-san wa Gozenchuu ni
Mark in the morning
Kafeteria de nomimasu Juusu o
cafeteria drinks juice
SUMMARY
1. Identify the type of words =time word ( tomorrow, evening, next month, 7:00 am. Etc)
place word ( here, in Tokyo, at the conference room)
companion word ( with my sister, together with my friend)
topic word /subject /speaker ( about Christmas, about the Savior Jesus Christ)
verb /action word ( eat, drink)
2. Determine the appropriate particle & determine the standard Japanese sentence
structure
a. topic + wa
b. time + ni
c. companion + to
d. place + de/ni
e. object +o
f. verb
Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6cb17mZ0dw
Supply the following sentence elements with appropriate particles:
Anata__wa__ nichiyoubi__ni_ tomodachi _to_ resutoran de__ ohirogohan __o tabem
You Sunday friend restaurant lunch ate.
Particles from which to choose:
ni to o de wa
Renshuu ( Practice) :
GROUP TASK
Form as many sentences as you can
from the group of words given in the slide.
Do not add other words
except the particles previously discussed.
Assemble words to form grammatically and logically sound sentences.
Be sure not to add other words except those from the words given
and except for theClick
appropriate particles discussed in class.
icon to add picture
Kanojo Anata Watashi Watashi- Kare
(She) (You) (I) tachi (He)
(We)
tabemasu kimashita nomimasu hanashimasu
(I) (came) (drink) (speak)
kanojo mizu Kare Watashi tempura
(her) (water) (Her) (me) (tempura)
ie no naka resutoran ie no naka sanji ashita
(in the house ) (tomorrow) (in the house ) (3:00) (tomorrow)
