Golis university

Course:-Mobile Computing
Lectural
Mr. Mohamed ahmed Adan
 Mobile Computing
 The main concept you learn in Mobile computing is Mobile communication.

 Mobile computing is technology that allows the transmission of data, not only
voice and Vedio that worked with out connected fixed wireless.

 In mobile computing there's no need fixed link.

 Mobile computing is using a computer while on the Move, mobile computing the
ability to compute remotely while you move.

 It is Possible to Access Any place any where.

 Mobile Computing
The concept in mobile computing involve:-

 Mobile Communication.

 Mobile Communication means if you connect one Mobile handset, how the data
communicate, not only the data voice and Vedio calling.

 Mobile hardware.

 Each device Having it equipment.

 Mobile Software

 The software is nothing put operating system you supported like Apple.matarola.
 Mobile Computing FUNCTION
What are the Main characteristics of Mobile Computing.

 User mobility: Here User data is going to move one physical location to another
location, and uses same service and moving one place to another place.

 And also the Service should be hardware or software.

 Network Mobility: so the mobile computing is network mobility means from one
country another country, it having mobility like receive the data voice, Vedio call
form one country to another country, because you accessing network from one
country to another country.
 Mobile Computing FUNCTION
 Bearer Mobility:- what bearer Mobility user should be moved from one bearer to
another bearer and used same services it is nothing but is called service provider.

 Suppose if you want to move from Hyderabad to Delhi and mobile handset having
protocol WAP in his home network and Delhi not Support WAP and protocol not
supported Voice Or SMS.

 Device Mobility:-.Your Mobile handset suppose the Network you are using support
in Device Mobility.

 Example sales Agent they can use in Desktop, suppose when they can move the
street they can use Device mobility from one place to another.
 Mobile Computing FUNCTION
 Session Mobility: the mobile computing like having session Mobility, Example you
have CDMA network. If the network using CDMA.

 IF the network disconnected due to some reasons again Restarted, the CDMA
network continuous and it gets disconnected due to Some Reasons and again it will
restarted.

 Agent Mobility:- means application should be move from one mode to another
mode.

 Host Mobility :- Suppose the your user device the Mobile device has server or
client. When mobile should be server the ip should be secret.
 All function in Mobile Computing Can be logically Divided In to 5 Segments.

1. User with Device. 2) Network 3) Gateway. 4) Middle ware.5) content.

 All function in Mobile Computing Can be logically Divided In to 5 Segments.

1. User with Device. 2) Network 3) Gateway. 4) Middle ware.5) content.

 These called Five segments the Mobile Computing Can be Logically, The First
you access user with device that means first you Have Mobile Handset, and then
come to the Network, and then through Gate Way and by transmitting the data
through Middle Wire and final content Will be Store and Receive By Another
Person.

 In USER with device Means in fixed or portable.

 Fixed Means personal computer or Not Moved, and Portable Means You can
move Any place and Any where.
 When the Mobile Portable that connected in the Network, the Mobile phone
connected in different network in Different Places and different Time that is the
way you access the Network.

 The example when you connected different network the mobile handset supported
different technology Like GSM, CDMA, Bluetooth.

 If you can transferee a data you can use Bluetooth also.

 Gate way it is require to interface different transport bearer.

 Middle ware: it helps to data transfer in particular device and it also handling the
secuiry.

 Content you get the Mobile handset in original server and it content.
 Networks in mobile computing
• What are the different networks that using in Mobile computing.

Wire line network:-consist of traditional landline system and also

know as PSTN.

Wireless Network:-they can be CDMA,GSM,GPRS,UMTS.LTE.5G.

Adhoc network:- latest Network Temporary network which are

created to share data such as Bluetooth, infrared which support
wireless communication.
 mobile computing
Mobile computing including:-

Mobile computation.

Mobile Communication.

Mobile computation is nothing but mobile agent, how to mobile process the
information.

Mobile communication are Mobile Network, mobile services, user devices.

But mobile computing and mobile communication has ability to move freely.
 Review of generation of mobile services
1G Technology:-

In Mobile Handset supported in Different Bands or Frequency, that

should be allowed in different Technology.

When the New enhancement technology Came they are Some

protocol testing in One Technology to Another Technology.

In Mobile Handset some Country they Are Developed

like:-.USA,HONKONG,Ukand INDIA.
 Review of generation of mobile services
In mobile device Manufacturing in different country they are some
requirements that should me fallow every country.

Requirement of RF parameter:-

What frequency band should be supported.

In india supported different generation of technology like

1G,2G,3G,4G,5G technology.
 1G TECHNOLOGY
It was analog system transmission , when you sent the information you can transmit in the

form of analog.

The waves or signaling are radiated in the form of analog from, when you talking the

signal was analog form.

Dis advantage of the 1G the first generation Technology was , it works in short distance

also the analog systems not covered in Long distance.

Also the first Generation Was introduced in 1980s.

 1G TECHNOLOGY
First Generation (1G)

Launched in the mid 1980s

Analog Systems they transmit voice only due to transmission of the

short distance.

The air transmission used due to air interface FDMA Multiple Access.

E.g. AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Services) in US.

Also poor voice quality and limited battery life and also no security.
 2g TECHNOLOGY
Second Generation (2G).

It is second Generation Technology of mobile telephony which is used

digital signal for first Time.

It was launched in Finland in 1991 for GSM technology.

analog system to digital system.

The 2G is know as Global System For Mobile Communication is the

Second Generation technology that demands of the data rate of phone
system.
 2G TECHNOLOGY
Second Generation (2G).

Also the antenna system in 2G was large because the frequency band
used is Very Small.

When you deployed the lower frequency band the size of the antenna
will be very large and the capacity will be limited.

When GPRS technology was introduced, it enabled for web browsing,

Fats upload/downlound Speed.

 2G TECHNOLOGY
Limitations of Second Generation (2G)

Developed for Voice Communications (unsuitable for data traffic).

Avg rate of the order of tens of 14 kbps.

Not suitable for Internet (Packet Switched Services) Circuit Switched.

Only used for circuited switch , the circuited switch supported only
voice not data.
 2.5g gprs TECHNOLOGY
GPRS(2.5G).

GPRS is stands for General packet radio service.

That means the transfer of data in the air also not needed dedicated
connection so we used wireless technology.

It supported the data rate 56kbps.

Also the equipment both devices and mobile handset will be

transformed.

The sign of when you used in GPRS IS G.

 2.5g gprs TECHNOLOGY
GPRS(2.5G).

Also in mobile handset side the form enabled in data rate.

In the equipment of the architecture also supported in data rate

technology.

In PCU packet control unit supported the data that come in the
network also connected BSC and data comes from the internet.
 EDGE TECHNOLOGY
EDGE 2.75 TECHNOLOGY

EDGE means or stands for Enhanced data rate for GPRS Evaluation.

The data rate of GPRS is 170kbps.

In EGDE Technology we are not upgrading the system in Hardware

but we upgrade the system in Software.

The software means in GPRS allows we can set one bit at time also
GPRS allowed we can sent 3 bits at the Time.

The main goal of GPRS is increased the data rate.

 3g Umts technology
UMTS stands for Universal for Mobile Telecommunication of Phone
System.

It supported in digital communication also enable the data voice and
Vedio.

It supported WCDMA Wide band code division Multiple Access

Technology.

3G UMTS the data rate was 384kbps to 2mpbs.

For increasing the data rate enhancement enabled HSPA+ 200mps.

 3g Umts technology
3G UMTS***********************Supported 384kbps.

For using 3G UMTS include facility of video stream, and YouTube

sharing and playing games.

The another enhancement behind 3G UMTS is HRPD OR HSPA it

supported the data rate in 200Mbps.

Also the system hardware supported in circuited switch and Packet

switch.
 4g LTE Long term evaluation
 In when the new generation come also the devices or mobile handset
you access to the Network will be changed.

It is launched in 2011, and also speed supported in 1 Gbps for

stationary user also the Mobility user in 2000mbs.

The demands of higher Mobility we increased the Handover of the

system.

In LTE supported higher data rate upto 1Gbps for stationary users and
also 300mbps for stationary user.
 4g LTE Long term evaluation
In LTE we upgrading the system also we decreased the number of
nodes of the system due to increasing the Mobility or hand over of the
system.

So we designed new system Architecture call SAE.

SAE stands For System architecture evaluation , also we deigned new

system core architecture also called EPC and stands for Evolved
packet Core System.

And consist of MME,HSS,SGW,PGW,PCRF.

 5G SA AND NSA
In Non Stand alone 5G means the RAN part should be Radio access
network support both 4G Enodbe and 5G Gnode B, but the core part
should be supported EPC in Lte.

They are several option that deployed in 5G and also names as option
3 and option 7.
Chapter 2
 Cellular Network
Cellular concept replace large transmitter with the smaller transmitter
neighboring Base station(BS) are assigned different set of channels.

Factors can be determined cell size or how look like the cell shape.

The number of users can be supported at time.

Multiplexing and transmission technology.

 Cellular Network
Advantage of cellular Network:-

Increased the cell capacity

 Example if you planning the network that frequency used in lower

frequency the capacity of the system not good, another hand if you
designed or planning larger frequency with the higher service and also
working with short distance the capacity of the system will be good.

Reduced power usage.

Large coverage area.

 The components of the cellular networks
Cell is the basic geographical unit of cellular System.

They are hexagonal structure that defined the shape of the Network.

The cell shape it depend on the landscape you are designed.

In cellular system not taking in triangular shape or circular due to

smaller coverage, if you taken circular small coverage are you covered
in your Beam.

In hexagonal shape cellular system designed in Large coverage Area.

 Base station
The coverage area of the cellular Network is divided in to smaller are
called cell.

Each cell has Base station provides the direct communication in

Mobile handset.

The base station connected or launched the antenna that spreading the
signal in downlink direction.

The base station are linked or controlled Base station controller.