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Mix Design

1. Nominal mix design involves selecting suitable concrete ingredients and determining their relative quantities to produce durable and strong concrete with the required workability. The main goals are to ensure workability when fresh and required strength, durability and surface finish when hardened. 2. Information required for mix design includes grade of concrete, cement type, aggregate type and size, minimum cement content, maximum water-cement ratio, degree of workability, exposure conditions, and admixture types if used. 3. Probabilistic mix design accounts for variability in material strengths and properties. The water-cement ratio, cement content, aggregate gradation, and consistency are considered probabilistically, following a normal distribution where 95% of specimens

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45 views9 pages

Mix Design

1. Nominal mix design involves selecting suitable concrete ingredients and determining their relative quantities to produce durable and strong concrete with the required workability. The main goals are to ensure workability when fresh and required strength, durability and surface finish when hardened. 2. Information required for mix design includes grade of concrete, cement type, aggregate type and size, minimum cement content, maximum water-cement ratio, degree of workability, exposure conditions, and admixture types if used. 3. Probabilistic mix design accounts for variability in material strengths and properties. The water-cement ratio, cement content, aggregate gradation, and consistency are considered probabilistically, following a normal distribution where 95% of specimens

Uploaded by

PRATIBHA AGRAWAL
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MIX DESIGN OF

CONCRETE
Introduction to nominal mix design
• Mix design
• It is defined as the process of selecting suitable ingredients of
concrete and determining relative quantities with the purpose of
producing economical concrete with properties like durability,
strength, workability.
• The main purpose of mix design is
1. To ensure workability in green state
2. To ensure required strength, durability and surface finish in
the hardened state
Information required for mix design
1. Grade of concrete
2. Types of cement to be used
3. Type and maximum size of aggregate
4. Minimum cement content
5. Maximum water cement (W/C) ratio by weight
6. Degree of workability
7. Exposure condition
8. Types of admixture if used
9. Maximum temperature of fresh concrete
10. Method of placing
11. Method of supervision, etc.
Proportion of nominal mix
• M10 …………… 1:3:6 For mass concrete works
• M15…………….1:2:4 For RCC beam, column, etc.
• M20…………….1:1/2:3 For hydraulic structure, piles and foundation
Probabilistic concept in mix design approach
• Many factors influence the strength and quality of concrete.
• With the given materials, the four variables to be considered in
connection with specifying a concrete mix are:
a) Water-cement (W/C) ratio
b) Cement content or cement aggregate ratio
c) Gradation of aggregate
d) Consistency
• The strength of concrete determined through the cube specimen
varies with the size of the cube.
• The strength of specimen increases with decrease in its size.
• The below table gives approximate distribution of strength of
concrete based on the size of cube.
Cube size 100 150 200 300
(mm)
Relative 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.87
strength with
150 mm cube

• If these value are plotted in histogram, results are found as follows a


bell shaped curve known as “Normal distribution curve”
• Characteristics strength (fck) : strength of
material below which not more than 5% of
the result are expected to fall.
ex. If 100 specimens are made for the
design of M20 concrete, then more than 95
σ samples have more than 20 Mpa
compressive strength.
• Mean strength () =
Fig: normal distribution curve • Standard deviation ()
• Coefficient of variation (CV)
CV =
• Target strength or average design strength
f (t) = fck +k
f(t) is target or design strength
fck = characteristics strength
is standard deviation
k is risk or probability factor = 1.65 assumed for 95% confidence
level
• Numerical
• MIX DESIGN BY DOE METHOD
• MIX DESIGN BY IS METHOD

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