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Basic Generator Theory

The document discusses electromagnetic induction and the process of producing electrical power. It explains that power production requires a conductor, a magnetic field, and relative motion between the field and conductor. It then describes the basic components and process, including how a diesel engine turns a rotor to induce voltage in a permanent magnet generator, exciter, and main generator to produce a regulated alternating current output. It discusses factors like voltage, frequency, and applications for portable versus installed generators.

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Bo Thomas
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© © All Rights Reserved
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92 views18 pages

Basic Generator Theory

The document discusses electromagnetic induction and the process of producing electrical power. It explains that power production requires a conductor, a magnetic field, and relative motion between the field and conductor. It then describes the basic components and process, including how a diesel engine turns a rotor to induce voltage in a permanent magnet generator, exciter, and main generator to produce a regulated alternating current output. It discusses factors like voltage, frequency, and applications for portable versus installed generators.

Uploaded by

Bo Thomas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An informative view on Producing Power

 The Discovery

 In electricity and magnetism, Electromagnetic induction is the


production of an electromotive force (emf) in a conductor as a result
of a changing magnetic field about the conductor. It was discovered
in 1831 by Michael Faraday and independently by Joseph Henry.
Variation in the field around a conductor may be produced by
relative motion between the conductor and the source of the
magnetic field, as in an electric generator , or by varying the
strength of the entire field, so that the field around the conductor is
also changing. Since a magnetic field is produced around a current-
carrying conductor, such a field can be changed by changing the
current.
 Basic Components needed for Power
Generation

 A Conductor
 A Magnetic Field
 Relative Motion between the Field and the Conductor
 A Basic Diagram

 The Basic Diagram will show us each stage of production and


manipulation until we reach our Final Output Voltage.
 The Process
1. The Relative Motion
The Relative Motion between the Conductor and the Magnetic Field in
our Process today shall be that of a Diesel Engine, which is the most
widely used form of a Prime Mover for Portable Power Generation
in the Industry to date. Now that our Engine has been started, our
Production of Power has begun. As a note of identification of the
components in the diagram, The Rotors-Rotate on the Main Generator
Shaft, and the Stators are Stationary Surrounding the Rotors of their
appropriate processes.
 The Process(cont.)
2. The P.M.G. (The Permanent Magnet Generator)
The P.M.G. Has a permanent magnetism that produces
A.C.(Alternating Current) Voltage in the P.M.G. Stator
Windings. This A.C. Voltage is used to power the A.V.R.
(Automatic Voltage Regulator).

3. The A.V.R.(Automatic Voltage Regulator) and Excitation


The A.V.R. Creates and controls a D.C.(Direct Current) Excitation Voltage
that is supplied to the Exciter Stator, which becomes an electromagnet
that will induce an A.C. Voltage in the Exciter Rotor.
 The Process (cont.)
4. The Rectification
The A.C. Voltage from the Exciter Rotor is passed through a
Rotating Diode Plate, this converts the A.C. Voltage into a
D.C. Voltage to be induced into the Main Generator Rotor.

5. The Main Generator


The D.C. Voltage from the Rotating Diode Plate is supplied
to the Main Generator Rotor creating an electromagnet,
which by rotating inside the Main Generator Windings(Stator)
creates an A.C. Voltage which will be the result called our
Final Output Voltage. Depending upon the configuration of the
Main Generator Windings will determine the Range of Voltage.
 The Results of the Process
Now that we are Producing Power, we will look at a few more very
important areas.

1. Voltage Regulation
The Final Output Voltage shall be monitored at all times by the A.V.R.
to automatically adjust the Excitation Voltage needed to maintain the
voltage we have set the unit at. These changes take place automatically
when Loads are applied or removed. The actual Final Output Voltage
Range will be determined by the configuration of the Main Generator
Windings(Stator), a Series configuration will result in a High Voltage
Range(380-600), a Parallel configuration will result in a Low Voltage
Range(120-250).
 The Results of the Process(cont.)
2. Frequency (Hz)(Hertz)(Cycles)
Frequency-
a. The number of repetitions of a complete sequence of values of a periodic function per unit variation of an
independent variable.
b. The number of complete cycles of a periodic process occurring per unit time.
c. The number of repetitions per unit time of a complete waveform, as of an electric current.
The Frequency is controlled by two things:
A. Total number of Poles
The total number of poles that the A.C. Generator has
depends, Most Generators in the Portable Power field today have 4
Poles. Small personal generators are all mostly 2 Poles. The Poles are
the Core of the Rotors that become the magnetic fields, Thus the
identification of the North Pole and South Pole of the Magnets.
Therefore we have 2 North Poles and 2 South Poles, Which allows us
to complete 2 complete Cycles of production per revolution.
The more poles, the slower the speed of the prime mover.
 The Results of the Process (cont.)
2. Frequency(cont.)
B. Speed
The Most important of the two, is the Prime
Mover(Diesel Engine). The Prime Mover controls the
speed of rotation of the Rotors inside the Windings. This
speed is determined by the number of poles, which is 2 or 4,
and knowing the Frequency we wish to operate at, which
shall be 60Hz. Our calculation is as follows:
N=f x 120 / 2 or 4 where- N=RPM of the Engine,
f =Frequency, 120 is the division of time and 2 or 4 is the
number of Poles. Answer-60hz x 120 /2 or 4 Poles=3600
or 1800rpm
With this established, we know we must run at 3600 or
1800 rpm to maintain 60hz at all times.
 Portable or Installed
1. Portable

A) Speed
Most portable generators we use today are 2 pole,
therefore they operate at a higher rate of speed to maintain
60Hz. (3600 RPM)

B) Voltage
Most portable generators we use today are also
mostly 240/120 vac Single Phase

C) Sound
Most portable generators we use today are also
smaller and quieter than the larger models.
 Portable or Installed
1. Installed

A) Speed
Most installed generators we use today are 4 pole,
therefore they operate at a lower rate of speed to maintain 60Hz.
(1800 RPM)

B) Voltage
Most installed generators we use today are capable of
either 240/120vac Single Phase, 208/120vac and/or 480/277vac
Three Phase

C) Sound
Most installed generators produce much noise or are
silenced with special housings.
 2 Pole Generator 60Hz 3600 RPM
 4 Pole Generator 60Hz 1800 RPM
 1Phase Sine Wave of Voltage
 3 Phase Sine Wave of Voltage
Keith “Bo” Thomas
+1 409 986 7005 ofc
+1 409 789 8160 mbl
[email protected]

To download these files please go to :


http://training.kt1aa.com

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