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1introduction To Differential Equation

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20 views30 pages

1introduction To Differential Equation

Uploaded by

Josh Berondo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATH213

Differential Equations
Prepared by: Engr. Richard P. Cabales
August 18, 2022
Differential Equations
Equations containing derivatives are called differential equations.

There are many "tricks" in solving Differential

Equations (if they can be solved!), but first: . . .

Classify Before Trying To Solve.

So our first task is to 


classify the Differential
Equation.
The following are examples of differential equations:
Definition:
An equation involving derivatives of one or more dependent
variables with respect to one or more independent variables is called a
differential equation.

Remark:
When a differential equation involves one or more derivatives with
respect to a particular variable, that variable is called the independent
variable. A variable is called dependent if a derivative of that variable
occurs.
Example:

i is the dependent variable, t is the


W is the dependent variable, u and v
independent variable, L, R, c, E are
are the independent variables
constants
CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS

a) Ordinary or Partial Differential Equations


b.) Order
c.) Degree
d) Linear or Nonlinear Equation
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION :
A differential equation involving ordinary derivatives of
one or more dependent variables is called an ordinary
differential equation (O.D.E.).
Examples:
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION :
A equation involving partial derivatives of one or more dependent
variables with respect to more than one independent variable is called a
partial differential equation (P.D.E.).

Examples:
Order
The order of a differential equation is the order of
the highest derivative appearing in the equation.
Order
Degree
The degree of a differential equation is given by the exponent that
is raised the highest derivative that occurs in the equation.
Linear or Nonlinear Equation

Notice that a linear ODE satisfies the following conditions:


1- The dependent variable y and its derivatives occur to the first degree only.
2- No products of y and/or any of its derivatives appear in the equation.
3- No transcendental functions of y and/or its derivatives occur.

Definition: Equations that not satisfy the


above conditions are called nonlinear.

Thus, D.E is linear if…

y, y’, y”, … are of the first degree.


QUESTIONS…
Differentiation of Algebraic Functions

 u,   v,   and w   are differentiable functions


of   x   and   a  and   n   are constants.
Differentiation of Logarithmic and
Exponential Functions
Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions
Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
Differentiation of Hyperbolic Functions
Differentiation of Inverse Hyperbolic
Functions
Integral Calculus
Elimination of Arbitrary Constants
Properties
• The order of differential equation is equal to the
number of arbitrary constants in the given relation.
• The differential equation is consistent with the
relation.
• The differential equation is free from arbitrary
constants.
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
EXAMPLE 5
EXAMPLE 6
EXAMPLE 7
THANK YOU! 

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