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Data Visualization

This document discusses various data visualization techniques using matplotlib and seaborn in Python. It covers preparing data, basic plots like line plots, scatter plots, histograms, customizing plots, subplots, saving figures, and advanced visualization with pandas and seaborn including pair plots, factor plots, heatmaps and more.

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Mateen Sahib
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43 views

Data Visualization

This document discusses various data visualization techniques using matplotlib and seaborn in Python. It covers preparing data, basic plots like line plots, scatter plots, histograms, customizing plots, subplots, saving figures, and advanced visualization with pandas and seaborn including pair plots, factor plots, heatmaps and more.

Uploaded by

Mateen Sahib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Visualization

Prof. Dr. Noman Islam


Introduction
• matplotlib is a desktop plotting package
designed for creating (mostly twodimensional)
publication-quality plots.
• Over time, matplotlib has spawned a number
of add-on toolkits for data visualization that
use matplotlib for their underlying plotting.
One of these is seaborn
Preparing for visualization
• import matplotlib as mpl
• Import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
• plt.style.use('default')
• %matplotlib inline
Plotting sin function
• x = np.arange(0, math.pi*2, 0.05)
• y = np.sin(x)
• plt.xlabel("angle")
• plt.ylabel("sine")
• plt.title('sine wave')
• plt.grid(True, which='both')
• plt.plot(x,y)
Plotting lines
• x = np.linspace(0, 20)
• plt.plot(x, .5 + x)
• plt.plot(x, 1 + 2 * x, '--‘)
Customizing plots
• plt.plot(x, .5 + x, color='blue') # specify color by name
• plt.plot(x, 1 + 2 * x, '--', color='#FFDD44') # Hex code (RRGGBB
from 00 to FF)
• plt.plot(x, np.cos(x), (1.0,0.2,0.3)) # RGB tuple, values 0 and 1
Customizing plots
• x = np.linspace(0, 10, 1000)
• plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), linestyle='solid')
• plt.plot(x, np.cos(x), linestyle='dotted')
Specifying limits
• plt.plot(x, np.tan(x))
• plt.xlim(-1, 11)
• plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5);
Labeling axis
• plt.title("titlte")
• plt.xlabel("x-axis")
• plt.ylabel("y-axis")
Plotting legends
• plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), '-g', label='sin(x)')
• plt.plot(x, np.cos(x), ':b', label='cos(x)')
• plt.legend()
Scatter plot
• from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
• iris = load_iris()
• features = iris.data.T
• plt.scatter(features[0], features[1], alpha=0.2,
s=100*features[3], c=iris.target, cmap='viridis')
• plt.xlabel(iris.feature_names[0])
• plt.ylabel(iris.feature_names[1])
Bar plot
• import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
• %matplotlib inline
• plt.style.use('ggplot')
• x = ['Viettel', 'VNPT', 'Mobiphone']
• revenue = (37600000, 6445000, 6045000)
• x_pos = [i for i, _ in enumerate(x)]
• plt.bar(x_pos, revenue, color='green')
• plt.xlabel("Telco")
• plt.ylabel("VND")
• plt.title("Telecom service revenues in Vietnam")
• plt.xticks(x_pos, x)
• plt.show()
Plotting histogram
• import numpy as np
• import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
• X = np.random.randn(1000)
• plt.hist(X, bins = 20)
• plt.show()
Box plot
• import numpy as np
• import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
• data = np.random.randn(100)
• plt.boxplot(data)
• plt.show()
Violin plot
Plotting pie chart
• import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
• telcos = 'Viettel', 'VNPT', 'Mobiphone',
'Vietnammobile', 'Gtel'
• data = [46.7, 22.2, 26.1, 2.9, 2.1]
• fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
• ax1.pie(data, labels=telcos, autopct='%1.1f%%',
shadow=True, startangle=90)
• ax1.axis('equal')
• plt.show()
Saving figure
• fig1.savefig('my_figure.png')
• fig1.savefig('my_figure.png',
transparent=True)
Figures and subplot
• Plots in matplotlib reside within a Figure
object
– fig = plt.figure()
• You can’t make a plot with a blank figure. You
have to create one or more subplots using
add_subplot:
– ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 1)
– plt.plot(np.random.randn(50).cumsum(), 'k--')
• The 'k--' is a style option instructing matplotlib
to plot a black dashed line.
• The objects returned by fig.add_subplot here
are AxesSubplot objects, on which you can
directly plot on the other empty subplots by
calling each one’s instance method
• x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 400)
• y = np.sin(x**2)
• f, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2)
• ax1.plot(x, y)
• ax1.set_title('Sharing Y axis')
• ax2.scatter(x, y)
• fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 3)
• ax.plot(x, y, 'g--')
• ax.plot(x, y, linestyle='--', color='g')
• plt.plot(randn(30).cumsum(), 'ko--')
Plotting with pandas
• s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(10).cumsum(),
index=np.arange(0, 100, 10))
• s.plot()

• df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10,
4).cumsum(0), columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'],
index=np.arange(0, 100, 10))
• df.plot()
• df.plot.bar()
Seaborn
• import seaborn as sns
• sns.set()
• plt.plot(x, y)
• plt.legend('ABCDEF', ncol=2, loc='upper left')
Plotting histogram
• data = np.random.multivariate_normal([0, 0],
[[5, 2], [2, 2]], size=2000)
• data = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=['x', 'y'])
• for col in 'xy':
– plt.hist(data[col], normed=True, alpha=0.5)
Kernel density plot
• for col in 'xy':
– sns.kdeplot(data[col], shade=True)
Distplot
• sns.distplot(data['x'])
• sns.distplot(data['y']);
Pair plot
• iris = sns.load_dataset("iris")
• iris.head()
• sns.pairplot(iris, hue='species', size=2.5);
Factor plot
• tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')
• tips.head()
• with sns.axes_style(style='ticks'):
– g = sns.factorplot("day", "total_bill", "sex",
data=tips, kind="box")
– g.set_axis_labels("Day", "Total Bill");
Scatter plot
• sns.relplot(x="Views", y="Upvotes", data = df)
• sns.relplot(x="Views", y="Upvotes", hue =
"Tag", data = df)
• sns.relplot(x="Views", y="Upvotes", hue =
"Answers", data = df);
Box plot
• sns.catplot(x="education",
y="avg_training_score", kind = "box",
data=df2)
Violin plot
• sns.catplot(x="education",
y="avg_training_score", hue = "is_promoted",
kind = "violin", data=df2)
Heatmaps
• corrmat = df2.corr()
• f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 6))
• sns.heatmap(corrmat, vmax=.8, square=True)
Other tools
• As is common with open source, there are a
plethora of options for creating graphics in
Python
• With tools like Bokeh and Plotly, it’s now
possible to specify dynamic, interactive
graphics in Python that are destined for a web
browser

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