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Pre- Calculus
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Junelyn N. Malagum

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 Today's Lesson
• Learning Competency:
Illustrates the different types of
conic sections: parabola, ellipse,
circle, hyperbola, and degenerate
cases. STEM_PC11AG-Ia-1
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By the end of this lesson...
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• Illustrate the different conic sections
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2 • Distinguish the different conic sections
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3 • Show appreciation to the concept about conic
sections
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Directions: With the use of the terms listed in the box, the students will
identify the following figures.
 
Circle polygon point hyperbola sphere
Line parabola ellipse ray cone
 
Directions: Shown in the figure below is a right circular cone. Identify the
figure formed when a plane intersects a right circular cone.
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The Conic Sections: An Overview
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Conic sections, or conics, are curves obtained by the intersection of a
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plane and a cone. Conics can be found in nature and have many

2 applications in other fields. Conic sections can be identified as circles,

parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas, and degenerate cases.
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0 Circle 5
A circle is formed a conic section which is formed when the plane is horizontal
1 as it intersects the cone. The bottom part of Figure 1 shows a circle. There are
many real-life representations of a circle. A
regular round pizza, Ferris wheel, and the face of a coin are among the
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numerous examples of a circle.

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0 Ellipse 5
An ellipse is formed when the (tilted) plane intersects only one cone to form a
1 bounded curve.
In Figure 1, the top half part of the figure shows the usual ellipse that you will
see in this subject while the bottom part is a circle which is considered a
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special ellipse.

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0 Parabola 5
A parabola is formed when the plane intersects only one cone
1 to form an unbounded curve. (See Figure 2).
The trajectory of a ball thrown upward forms a parabola.
Parabola has many applications in real life
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including in the field of

2 architecture and manufacturing.

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0 Hyperbola 5
Hyperbola, also a conic section, is formed when the
1 plane (not necessarily vertical) intersects both cones to form
two unbounded curves (each called a branch of the hyperbola).
(See Figure 3). An hour glass that contains
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two hyperbolas, one in each side,

2 is a real-life representation of a hyperbola.

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0 Degenerate Cases 5
A point, one line, and two lines are also formed when a plane and cone
1 intersect. They are referred to as degenerate cases. (See Figure 4)
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 Real-life examples
In this activity, the class will work in group of 3 members.
Direction: We can see in our surrounding the use of conics. Think of
the different things where we can use the conics, then do the task
below.
1. Draw the objects where we use the following conics:
a. circle c. ellipse
b. parabola d. hyperbola
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0 Direction: Do the task given.
1. Identify the conics being describe by the following:
1 a. when the (tilted) plane intersects one of the cone to
form a bounded curve 6
b. when the plane intersects one of the cone horizontally

2 c. when the plane (not necessarily vertical) intersects

both cones to form unbounded curves
d. when the plane intersects only one cone to form an
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unbounded curve

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CIRCLE
slides.
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By the end of this lesson...
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• Define a circle
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2 • Determine the standard form of equation of a circle
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3 • Graph a circle in a rectangular coordinate system 8
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 ACTIVITY 1: Identify what is being ask.

1. plane figure whose points are equidistant to a point called

center
2. a segment whose endpoints are on the circle and passes through
the center
3. a segment drawn from the center to any point on the circle
4. a line, ray or segment that touches the circle at one point
0 Direction: To determine the distance between two points, the concept about
Pythagorean Theorem will be used. Do the task below.
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Solve the distance between the given two points.
1 1. (1,2) and (5, 5)
2. (3, 2) and (-1,0)
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3. (-2,-1) and (3, -1)
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 CIRCLE
Circle is a set of all points in a plane which are equidistant from a
given point C in the plane.
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0 Derivation of the Standard Equation of the Circle 5
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Let P(x,y) be any point on the circle, C (h,k) the center and r the radius (figure 3).
1 The length of a segment from the center C to a point P on the circle represents the
radius, r. A point P(x, y) is on the circle if and only if PC = r

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Exercise A. In each item, determine the standard equation of the circle satisfying
the given conditions

1. center at the origin, radius of 4

2. center (−4, 3), radius √𝟕
3. circle A in Figure 4
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4. circle B in Figure 4
5. center (-1,-2) and
passes through P( 5, 2)
 GENERAL EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE

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Expanding the standard equation of circle will give its
general equation. The general equation of a circle is
expressed as
Ax + Ay + Cx +Dy + E = 0
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 GENERAL EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE

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Expanding the standard equation of circle will give its
general equation. The general equation of a circle is
expressed as
Ax + Ay + Cx +Dy + E = 0
2 2
 Exercise B. Transform the given general equation of a circle into its
standard form.

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1: Determine the standard equation of the given general equation of the
circle.
16x2 + 16y2 + 96x − 40y – 315 = 0

2. The equation of the circle is expressed as 𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟒𝟔. Reduced

𝟐 𝟐

its equation into its standard form and sketch its graph.
 You did great.

See you next time!