INTRODUCTION

MOTION
 MOTION

Motion is the change of position. It can be absolute

or relative.
MOTION

Absolute motion is motion that does not depend on

anything external to the moving object for its existence
or specific nature

Relative Motion refers to the motion or speed of any

object in respect to a particular point.
 PATH

A line described by a point moving in space.

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Curvilinear

Rectilinear
 DIRECTION AND SENSE

- If a point moving along a straight path, the direction of

its motion is along a line, which constitutes its path.
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- Motion toward one end of the line being assumed as

having positive direction and indicated by a positive +
sign.
- The motion toward the other end would be negative
and indicated by – sign.
 CONTINUOUS MOTION

- When a point continues to move indefinitely in a

given path in the same sense, its motion is said to be
MOTION

continuous.
- In this case, the path must return on itself, as a circle
or other closed curve.

Example:
A wheel turning
 RECIPROCATING MOTION

- When a point traverses the same path and reverses its

motion at the ends of such a path, the motion is said to
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be reciprocating.
 CYCLE OF MOTION

- When a mechanism is set in motion and its parts go through a

series of movements that are repeated over and over, the relations
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between and order of the different divisions of the series being

the same for each repetition.

PERIOD OF MOTION

- The time occupied in completing one cycle.

 UNIFORM AND VARIABLE SPEED

- Speed is uniform when equal spaces are passed over in equal

times.
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- Speed is variable when unequal spaces are passed over in equal

intervals of time.

VELOCITY

- Velocity includes direction and sense as well as speed.

 LINEAR ACCELERATION

- Time rate of change of linear velocity.

- Since velocity involves direction as well as the rate of motion,
MOTION

linear acceleration may involve a change in speed or direction or

both.
Tangential acceleration - any change in the speed takes place in a
direction tangent to the path of the point.
Normal acceleration – a change in direction takes place normal to
the path.
 ANGULAR ACCELERATION

- Time rate of change of angular velocity.

- Expressed in angular units change of speed per unit of time (such
MOTION

as radians, degrees, or revolutions per minute each minute)

 TRANSLATION

- A body is said to have a motion of translation when all its

MOTION

component particles have the same velocity, as regards both

speed and direction.
Rectilinear translation – all the particles move in straight lines, as in
piston of an engine.
Curvilinear translation – all the particles move in curve paths, as in
the motion of the parallel rod of a locomotive.
 ANGULAR SPEED

- The speed at which the wheel turns is the rate at which any line
on it (radial or otherwise) changes direction.
MOTION

- If the wheel makes N complete turns in 1 minute, its angular

speed is N revolution per minute (written N rpm)

If N represents the angular speed in revolution per unit of time and

ω the angular speed in radians per the same unit of time, then
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF MOTION

1. UNIFORM MOTION
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2. UNIFORM ACCELERATION

3. VARIABLE ACCELERATION
 UNIFORM MOTION

- When the acceleration is zero, the velocity is constant and the

MOTION

moving particles continue to move in straight line over equal

distances in equal intervals of time.
- The velocity (or speed) therefore is equal to the length of path s,
in linear units, divided by the time t, in time units, or
 EQUATIONS OF MOTION

(1)
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where s = displacement
 UNIFORM MOTION

(2)
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where = -

(3)
 UNIFORM MOTION
From (1)

Substituting
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(4)
 From (3) ,
And substituting it to (4)
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(5)
 PROB 2.4 / 35

If the acceleration A of a particle is and its initial velocity is zero,

find the time required for this particle to move Find at the end of
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this time.

Given:
Req’d:
 PROB 2.4 / 35

Given:
Req’d:
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=
 PROB 2.4 / 35

Given:
Req’d:
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but

*You may also try using

 PROB 2.6 / 35

A particle starts from rest and accelerates at constant rate for 3 min,
at the end of which time it has acquired enough velocity to carry it at
PROBLEMS

uniform velocity a distance of 10 ft in 2 min. Find A during first 3

min and V at the end of that time.
𝑽 𝒐=𝟎 𝑽𝟏 𝑽
Given: 𝒕𝟏=𝟑𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒕 𝟐 =𝟐𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟐
𝑺𝟏=? 𝑺𝟐=𝟏𝟎𝒇𝒕

Req’d:
 PROB 2.4 / 35

Solution:
PROBLEMS
 ANGULAR SPEED

1𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛=2 π 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
3 60 °= 2 π 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
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57.3 °=1 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 , 𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑑

𝜔= 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
𝝎 =𝟐 𝝅 𝑵
𝟐 𝝅 𝒓𝒂𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒗
𝝎= 𝒙
𝒓𝒆𝒗 𝒎𝒊𝒏

𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝝎 =
𝒎𝒊𝒎
 ANGULAR SPEED

𝑉 𝑎=𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚

¿ 2 π 𝑅𝑎 𝑁 𝑎
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¿ ( 2π
𝑟𝑒𝑣 ) (
( 𝑅 ¿ ¿ 𝑎 , 𝑓𝑡 ) 𝑁 𝑎 ,
𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑚𝑖𝑛 )¿
𝒇𝒕
𝑽 𝒂=
𝒎𝒊𝒎
 ANGULAR SPEED
MOTION
 LINEAR ANGULAR
MOTION

𝜽=𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒,𝑟𝑎𝑑 ,𝑟𝑒𝑣 ,𝑑𝑒𝑔

𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑟 𝑒𝑣 𝑑𝑒𝑔
𝝎 =𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 , , ,
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛
 𝜽=𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒,𝑟𝑎𝑑 ,𝑟𝑒𝑣 ,𝑑𝑒𝑔
MOTION

𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑟 𝑒𝑣 𝑑𝑒𝑔
𝝎 =𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 , , ,
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑟 𝑒𝑣 𝑑𝑒𝑔
𝜶 =𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , 2
, 2
, 2
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛
 PROB 2.23/ 35

The flywheel of a steam engine is 9 ft in diameter and rotates at 112 rpm.

Find (1) the angular speed in radians per second; (2) the linear speed in feet
PROBLEMS

per minute of a point on the rim; and (3) the linear speed in feet per minute
of a point located on the spoke midway between the center and rim of the
wheel.
 PROB 2.23/ 35

Given: Va
A
Find:
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1.
R = 4.5ft
N = 112 rpm
2.

Vm
D = 9ft
 PROB 2.23/ 35

Solution:
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 PROB 2.23/ 35

Solution:

2.
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 PROB 2.23/ 35

Solution:

3.
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