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Grayscale Morphology Operations

This document discusses grayscale morphological operations including erosion, dilation, opening, closing, morphological gradient, top-hat and bottom-hat transformations, and granulometry. Erosion and dilation are the basic grayscale morphological operations, while opening and closing are combinations of erosion and dilation used for image smoothing. The morphological gradient enhances edges while suppressing homogeneous areas. Top-hat and bottom-hat transformations are used to extract bright or dark image details. Granulometry analyzes the size distribution of particles in an image. Examples of applying these operations in MATLAB are also provided.

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Mithun kumar
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348 views14 pages

Grayscale Morphology Operations

This document discusses grayscale morphological operations including erosion, dilation, opening, closing, morphological gradient, top-hat and bottom-hat transformations, and granulometry. Erosion and dilation are the basic grayscale morphological operations, while opening and closing are combinations of erosion and dilation used for image smoothing. The morphological gradient enhances edges while suppressing homogeneous areas. Top-hat and bottom-hat transformations are used to extract bright or dark image details. Granulometry analyzes the size distribution of particles in an image. Examples of applying these operations in MATLAB are also provided.

Uploaded by

Mithun kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Gray-Scale Morphology

Gray-Scale Morphology
f ( x, y ) : gray-scale image
b( x, y ): structuring element

2 09/07/2023
Gray-Scale Morphology: Erosion and Dilation
by Flat Structuring
 f  b  ( x , y )  (ms , t in
) b
 f ( x  s , y  t )

f  b ( x , y )  m a x  f ( x  s , y  t )
( s , t ) b

%Dilation
f=f1(:,:,1);
[x,y]=size(f);
p=zeros(x,y);p2=zeros(x,y);p12=zeros(x,y);p13=zeros(x,y);
w=[1 1 1; 1 1 1; 1 1 1];
for s=2:x-2
for t=2:y-2
w1=[f(s-1,t-1)*w(1) f(s-1,t)*w(2) f(s-1,t+1)*w(3) f(s,t-1)*w(4) f(s,t)*w(5)
f(s,t+1)*w(6) f(s+1,t-1)*w(7) f(s+1,t)*w(8) f(s+1,t+1)*w(9)];
p(s,t)=max(w1);
end
3 end 09/07/2023
4 09/07/2023
Gray-Scale Morphology: Erosion and Dilation
by Nonflat Structuring
 f  bN  ( x, y )  (min
s ,t )b
 f ( x  s, y  t )  bN ( s, t )

 f  bN  ( x, y)  max
( s ,t )b
 f ( x  s, y  t )  bN ( s, t )

5 09/07/2023
https://in.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/52363-morphological-operations-
on-a-grayscale-image

SE = strel(nhood)
SE = strel("rectangle",[m n])
SE = strel("diamond",r)
SE = strel("disk",r) SE = strel("square",w)
SE = strel("disk",r,n) SE = strel("cube",w)
SE = strel("octagon",r) SE = strel("cuboid",[m n p])
SE = strel("line",len,deg) SE = strel("sphere",r)
originalBW = imread('text.png'); original = imread('snowflakes.png');
se = strel('line',11,90); figure,imshow(original);
erodedBW = imerode(originalBW,se); se = strel('disk',5);
figure, afterOpening = imopen(original,se);
figure,
imshow(originalBW)
imshow(afterOpening,[]);
figure,
title('After Opening')
imshow(erodedBW)
title('After Erosion') originalBW = imread('circles.png');
dilatedBW = imdilate(originalBW,se); figure,imshow(originalBW);
figure, se = strel('disk',10);
imshow(dilatedBW) closeBW = imclose(originalBW,se);
figure, imshow(closeBW)
title('After Dilation')
6 title('After Closing') 09/07/2023
Morphological Smoothing
 Opening suppresses bright details smaller than the
specified SE, and closing suppresses dark details.

 Opening and closing are used often in combination as


morphological filters for image smoothing and noise
removal.

Opening and Closing

f  b   f  b  b
f  b   f  b  b
7 09/07/2023
Morphological Smoothing

8 09/07/2023
Morphological Gradient
 Dilation and erosion can be used in combination with
image subtraction to obtain the morphological gradient of
an image, denoted by g,

g  ( f  b)  ( f  b)
 The edges are enhanced and the contribution of the
homogeneous areas are suppressed, thus producing a
“derivative-like” (gradient) effect.

9 09/07/2023
Morphological Gradient

10 09/07/2023
Top-hat and Bottom-hat Transformations
 The top-hat transformation of a grayscale image f is
defined as f minus its opening:

That ( f )  f  ( f  b)
 The bottom-hat transformation of a grayscale image f is
defined as its closing minus f:

Bhat ( f )  ( f  b)  f

11 09/07/2023
Example of Using Top-hat Transformation in
Segmentation

12 09/07/2023
Granulometry
 Granulometry deals with determining the size of
distribution of particles in an image

 Opening operations of a particular size should have the


most effect on regions of the input image that contain
particles of similar size

 For each opening, the sum (surface area) of the pixel


values in the opening is computed

13 09/07/2023
Example

14 09/07/2023

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