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DC Motor Types and Characteristics

The document discusses the characteristics of different types of DC motors: 1) Shunt motors have constant flux, so their speed depends on the back EMF which remains constant. They are used for constant speed applications like lathes and grinders. 2) Series motors have flux proportional to armature current, so their speed varies with load. They provide high starting torque and are used in applications like lifts and cranes. 3) Compound motors combine characteristics of shunt and series motors. Cumulative compound motors are used in elevators, while differential compound motors cannot be used in practical applications due to unstable operation. 4) Example problems are included to demonstrate calculating values like current, back E

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138 views11 pages

DC Motor Types and Characteristics

The document discusses the characteristics of different types of DC motors: 1) Shunt motors have constant flux, so their speed depends on the back EMF which remains constant. They are used for constant speed applications like lathes and grinders. 2) Series motors have flux proportional to armature current, so their speed varies with load. They provide high starting torque and are used in applications like lifts and cranes. 3) Compound motors combine characteristics of shunt and series motors. Cumulative compound motors are used in elevators, while differential compound motors cannot be used in practical applications due to unstable operation. 4) Example problems are included to demonstrate calculating values like current, back E

Uploaded by

SUCHIN Anand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC Motor Characteristics

Problems on DC Motors
Shunt Motor
• In Shunt motor field current Ish is constant as Ish= V/Rsh
• Flux φ α Field current Ish
Rsh
• Otherwise called constant flux motor Ra
For DC Motors
TI a But for shunt motor I sh With flux constant T I a
PZN 𝑬 𝒃 𝟔𝟎 𝑨 𝑬𝒃 For DC Shunt motor flux is constant
For DC Motors Eb  𝑵= 𝑁∝
60 A 𝑷𝝋𝒁 𝜑
NEb (V  I a Ra )
Torque Vs Armature current Speed Vs Armature current Speed Vs Torque

T I a Characteristics of
Shunt Motor
Applications of Shunt motor
These motors are constant speed motors, hence used in applications
requiring constant speed
1) Lathe machine
2) Drilling machine
3) Grinders
4) Blowers
5) Compressors
DC Series Motor
• Flux in series motor is proportional to Ise and Ia
• Ia is dependent on Load 𝝋∝𝑰𝒂
For DC Motors For Series Motors

PZN 𝑬𝒃
Eb  𝑁∝
60 A 𝜑

Torque Vs Speed Speed Vs Armature Current Speed Vs Torque

Characteristics of
Series Motor
Applications of DC Series motor
These motors are useful in applications where starting torque
required is high and quick acceleration.
1) Traction
2) Hoists and Lifts
3) Crane
4) Rolling mills
5) Conveyors
Compound Motors – Combines the
characteristics of DC shunt and series motors
Cumulative
compound

𝑬𝒃
𝑁∝
𝜑

Differential
compound
Applications of DC Compound Motors
Cumulative compound motors are used for the following applications.
1. Elevators
2. Rolling mills
3. Punches
4. Shears
5. Planers
Differential Compound Motor:
• The speed of these motors increases with increases in the load which leads to an
unstable operation.
• Therefore we cannot use this motor for any practical applications.
Problems
The power input to a 230V DC shunt motor is 8.477kW. The field
resistance is 230 Ohm and armature resistance is 0.28 Ohm. Find the
input current, armature current and back emf.

Given: Power input = 8.477kW, Rsh=230 Ohm Ra=0.28Ohm V=230V


Solution: Power input = VI = 8477
Input current = 8477/230=36.86A
Rsh
Field current Ish=V/Rsh=230/230=1A Ra
Armature current=Ia= I - Ish=36.86-1=35.86A

Back Emf = Eb=V - IaRa= 230 – (35.86x0.28)=219.96V


Problem
A 230V series motor is taking 50A. Resistance of armature and series
field winding is 0.2 Ohm and 0.1 Ohm. Calculate a) voltage across the
armature b) back emf c)power lost in armature and d) mechanical power
developed.
Given: V = 230V I = 50A Ra=0.2 Ohm and Rse = 0.1 Ohm

Solution:

Voltage across the armature = V – IseRse = 230 – (50 x 0.1) = 225V

Back emf = V – IseRse – IaRa = V – I(Rse+Ra) = 230 – 50(0.1+0.2) = 215V

Power lost in Armature = (Ia)2Ra= 502x0.2=500W

Mechanical power developed = EbIa=215 x 50 = 10750W = 10.75kW


Problem
A 250V shunt motor has armature and field resistance of 1 Ohm and
125 Ohm respectively. At no load it takes 5 A at a speed of 1500rpm.
Find the speed at full load when taking a current of 25A.
Given: V = 250V no load current Io=5A No load speed No=1500rpm

At No load: At Full load:


Shunt field current Ish = V/Rsh = 250/125 = 2A Full load armature current = Iafl = Ifl – Ish = 25 – 2 = 23A
No load armature current Iao = Io – Ish = 5 – 2 = 3A Back Emf at full load = Ebfl = V – IaflRa = 250 – 23 x 1 =227V
No load back emf Ebo = V – IaoRa = 250 – 3 x 1 = 247V Flux remains constant for DC motor from no load to full load

𝑬 𝒃 𝑁 𝑓𝑙 𝐸 𝑏𝑓𝑙 𝜑 𝑜𝜑 =𝜑 𝑁 𝑓𝑙 𝐸 𝑏𝑓𝑙 𝐸 𝑏𝑓𝑙 227


𝑁∝ = 𝑜 𝑓𝑙 = 𝑁 𝑓𝑙 = 𝑥 𝑁𝑜 𝑁 𝑓𝑙 = 𝑥 1500=1378 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜑 𝑁𝑜 𝐸 𝑜 𝜑 𝑓𝑙 𝑁𝑜 𝐸𝑜 𝐸𝑜 247
Note:
For Wave winding = A = 2
Problem For Lap winding = A =No. of Poles

A 250V 4pole shunt motor is wave wound armature with 500 conductors.
The armature and field circuit resistances are 0.25Ohm and 100 Ohm.
Useful flux per pole is 0.02Wb. If the motor draws 14.5A from the supply,
find the speed and torque developed in the armature.

Given: V = 250V P = 4 A=2 Z = 500 Ra =0.25 Ohm Rsh = 100 Ohm Flux φ = 0.02Wb I = 14.5A

Solution:

Shunt field current Ish = V/Rsh = 250/100 = 2.5A


Armature current Ia = I – Ish = 14.5 – 2.5 = 12A
Back Emf = Eb = V – Ia Ra = 250 – (12 x 0.25) = 247V

PZN
Eb  Speed of the motor T = 38.2Nm
60 A

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