BASIC

FIRST AID
 WHAT IS FIRST AID?
It is an immediate care given to a
person / victim who has suddenly
become ill or has been injured.

It includes self-help and home

care if medical assistance is not
available or delayed.
- Philippine National Red Cross

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 Role of First Aider
1. Bridges the gap between the time of the
accident and the arrival of the physician

2. Ends when medical assistance begins

3. Doesn’t intend to compete with or take

place of the physician
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 Objectives of First
Aid
Allevi Prevent
ate further Prolo
sufferi injury or ng life
ng danger

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 THE GOLDEN RULES OF
EMERGENCY CARE
A. What to do: Do’s
1. Be as calm & direct as possible.
2. Remember to identify yourself to the victim.
3. Obtain consent whenever possible.
4. Call or send for help.
5. Provide comfort & emotional support.
6. Respect the victim’s modesty and physical privacy.
7. Care for the most serious injuries first.
8. Loosen tight clothing.
9. Assist the victim with his/her prescribed medications.
10. Keep onlookers away from the injured person.
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 THE GOLDEN RULES OF
EMERGENCY CARE
B. What not to do: Don’ts
1. Do not further harm the victim by trying to arouse the
unconscious victim and administer fluid or alcoholic drink.
2. Do not let the victim see his own injury.
3. Do not leave the victim alone except to get help.
4. Do not assume that the victim’s obvious/ visible injuries are
the only ones.
5. Do not trust the judgment of the confused victim.
6. Do not require the victim to make decision.
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 LEGAL ASPECTS OF FIRST
AID
The first aider’s duty can be legally defined as:
 The First Aider should not interfere with the first aid being
given by others.
 The First Aider should follow the directions of a police officer
and do what a reasonable First Aider would do under the
circumstances.
 The First Aider should not force help on a victim who is
unwilling to be treated unless the situation is life-threatening.
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 LEGAL ASPECTS OF FIRST
AID
 Once a First Aider has voluntarily started care, he or she
should not leave the scene or stop the care until relieved by a
qualified and responsible person who renders care at the
same time or higher level of care. Otherwise, leaving the
scene or stopping care is legally considered ABANDONMENT
and places the First Aider at risk of litigation.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 LEGAL ASPECTS OF FIRST
AID
• The First Aider should follow accepted and recognized first aid care
procedures taught in the first aid texts.

• The First Aider should respect the victim’s privacy and should
disclose confidential information such as victim’s medical condition,
injury, physical condition or medications – only to those with a
medical need to know.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 What are the
CHARACTERISTI
CS of a good First
Aider? Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
Characteristics of a Good
First Aider
RESOURCEFUL
- makes the best use
OBSERVANT of things at hand
- should notice all
signs.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 Characteristics of a Good
First Aider
TACTFUL
- should not be alarming

GENTLE
- should not cause pain
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 Characteristics of a Good
First Aider
RESPECTABLE
- should maintain a
professional & caring
attitude

SYMPATHETIC
- should be comforting
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
PREVENTI
ON and
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 Body Substance Isolation
• Body substance isolation (BSI)
precautions must be taken on every call.
• These are precautions taken to isolate or
prevent risk of exposure from body
secretions and any other type of body
substance such as urine, vomit, feces,
sweat or sputum.
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Gloves
Mask
Goggles
Gowns
Safety Vests
(at traffic accidents)

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 Common Transmittable /
Infectious Diseases
• Meningitis
• Herpes
• Tuberculosis
• Hepatitis
• Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) /
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

Handwashing

 Alcohol-based hand
sanitizers can be used
if soap and water are
not available
 Follow up with hand
washing as soon as
possible
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
EMERGENC
Y ACTION
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
 1. SURVEY THE
SCENE
• Identify what happened
• Scene safety
• Number of casualties
• Are there someone who can help?
• Identify yourself as a trained first aider

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

2. Do the primary survey of
the victim
A. Check the level of consciousness
A - Alert
V - Responsiveness to Voice/ Verbal Stimulus
P - Responsiveness to Pain
U - Unresponsive / Unconscious

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 2. Do the primary survey of
the victim
C. Check for vital body functions: Breathing and
Circulation, by following the ABC steps

A B C
Airway Breathing Circulation

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 A B C
Airway Breathing Circulation

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 A B C
Airway Breathing Circulation

• Look for the rise and

fall of the chest.
• Listen for breath
sound.
• Feel for breath on
cheek.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 A B C
Airway Breathing Circulation

• Check for pulse.

http://www.northside.com/HealthLibrary/?Path=HIE+Multimedia%5C3%5C100215%2Ehtm

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 3. Activate medical assistance or
transport facility
• Call for help
 What happened?
 Location of emergency
 Number of persons injured or ill
 Cause and extent of injury or nature of
illness and first aid given
 Telephone # from where you are calling
 Name of person who AMA must hang up
the phone last.

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 4. Do the secondary survey of
the victim
A.Interview the victim.
Obtain patient history.
B. Check the vital signs
C. Further assess the victim by head-to-toe
examination

Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte

 HEAD-TO-TOE
EXAMINATION
• Look and feel for signs
Deformities of injury.
Open Injuries • Conduct a thorough
examination in a
Tenderness logical and systematic
manner.
Swelling
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
S.A.M.P.L.E. HISTORY
Signs and Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Pertinent Past History
Last Oral Intake
Events leading up to the
injury
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte
HAND OFF REPORT
 Age and Sex
 Chief Complaint
 Responsiveness
 Airway and breathing status
 Circulation status
 Physical findings
 SAMPLE HISTORY
 Interventions provided
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, Carigara, Leyte