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Topic 1 - Introduction To Networking

The document discusses various network components including hosts, servers, clients, and network media like copper, fiber-optic, and wireless transmission. It also covers common network types such as the internet, intranets, and extranets. The document describes how converged networks carry multiple services like data, voice, and video over the same infrastructure using common standards.

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Astro Lee
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16 views10 pages

Topic 1 - Introduction To Networking

The document discusses various network components including hosts, servers, clients, and network media like copper, fiber-optic, and wireless transmission. It also covers common network types such as the internet, intranets, and extranets. The document describes how converged networks carry multiple services like data, voice, and video over the same infrastructure using common standards.

Uploaded by

Astro Lee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Components

Host Roles
1
Every computer on a network
is called a host or end device.
Servers are computers that
provide information to end
devices:
• email servers
• web servers Server Description
• file server
Type
Clients are computers that Email Email server runs email server software.
send requests to the servers to Clients use client software to access email.
retrieve information: Web Web server runs web server software.
• web page from a web server Clients use browser software to access web pages.
• email from an email server
File File server stores corporate and user files.
The client devices access these files.
Network Components
Network Media
Communication across a network is carried through a medium which allows a message
to travel from source to destination. 4 Copper
Media Types Description
Metal wires within cables Data is encoded in
electrical impulses
Glass or plastic fibers Data is encoded into pulses
within cables (fiber-optic of light. Fiber-optic
cable)
Wireless transmission Data is encoded via
modulation of specific
frequencies of
electromagnetic waves.
Wireless

Four criteria of choosing network media:


1. Maximum distance
2. Environment in which medial is installed
3. Amount of data and transmission speed
4. Cost of media and installation
Common Types of Networks
The Internet
6
The internet is a worldwide collection
of interconnected LANs and WANs.
• LANs are connected to each other
using WANs.
• WANs may use copper wires, fiber
optic cables, and wireless
transmissions.
The internet is not owned by any
individual or group. The following
groups were developed to help
maintain structure on the internet:
• IETF
• ICANN
• IAB
Common Types of Networks
Intranets and Extranets
7
An intranet is a private collection of
LANs and WANs internal to an
organization that is meant to be
accessible only to the organizations
members or others with
authorization.
An organization might use an
extranet to provide secure access
to their network for individuals who
work for a different organization
that need access to their data on
their network.
Internet Connections
The Converging Network
9

Before converged
networks, an
organization would have
been separately cabled
for telephone, video, and
data. Each of these
networks would use
different technologies to
carry the signal.
Each of these
technologies would use
a different set of rules
and standards.
Internet Connections
The Converging Network (Cont.)
9

Converged data networks


carry multiple services on
one link including:
• data
• voice
• video Converged
Converged networks can Networks
deliver data, voice, and
video over the same
network infrastructure. The
network infrastructure uses
the same set of rules and
standards.
Reliable Network
Fault Tolerance
10
A fault tolerant network limits the
impact of a failure by limiting the
number of affected devices. Multiple
paths are required for fault tolerance.
Reliable networks provide
redundancy by implementing a
packet switched network:
• Packet switching splits traffic into
packets that are routed over a
network.
• Each packet could theoretically
take a different path to the
destination.
This is not possible with circuit-
switched networks which establish
dedicated circuits.
Configure IP Addressing
IP Addresses

• The default gateway address is the IP address of


16
the router that the host will use to access remote
networks, including the internet.
Configure IP Addressing
Automatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices

• DHCP enables automatic IPv4 address


18 configuration for every end device that is DHCP-
enabled.
• End devices are typically by default using DHCP
for automatic IPv4 address configuration.
• To configure DHCP on a Windows PC, open
the Control Panel > Network Sharing Center >
Change adapter settings and choose the adapter.
Next right-click and select Properties to display
the Local Area Connection Properties.
• Next, click Properties to open the Internet Protocol
Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window, then
select Obtain an IP address
automatically and Obtain DNS server address
automatically.

Note: IPv6 uses DHCPv6 and SLAAC (Stateless Address


Autoconfiguration) for dynamic address allocation.
Configure IP Addressing
Switch Virtual Interface Configuration
18

To access the switch remotely, an IP address and a subnet mask must be


configured on the SVI.
To configure an SVI on a switch:
• Enter the interface vlan 1 command in global configuration mode.
• Assign an IPv4 address using the ip address ip-address subnet-mask command.
• Enable the virtual interface using the no shutdown command.

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