IAN CRISTOPHER D.

OFONG
GENERAL EDUCATION - MATHEMATICS
BASIC MATHEMATICS
 1. It is the value of each digit in a
number

a. Place Value

b. Hindu-Arabic System.
Place Value – is to find the value in the basic position of the number.

Hindu-Arabic System – a numeration system that uses place value.

Place Value Chart
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
1000 100 10 1

4,728 – four thousand seven hundred twenty-

eight
Place Value in Word Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
Place Value in Figure 1000 100 10 1
Given Number 4 7 2 8
 1. It is the value of each digit in a
number

a. Place Value

b. Hindu-Arabic System.
Value – is the product of the given number and the place value.
Digits Word Figure Value
8 Ones 1 8x1 = 8
2 Tens 10 2x10 =20
7 Hundreds 100 7x100 = 700
4 Thousands 1000 4x1000 = 4000

1. What is the place value of the digit 8 in the number 485? tens

2. What is the value of the digit 5 in the number 825? ones

3. What is the sum of the values of the digits in the ones

and hundreds place in the numeral 1 459? 409
2. It is a process of
combining two or
more numbers

a. Subtraction

b. Addition

c. Multiplication

d. Division
ADDITION OF WHOLE NUMBERS
Addition in math is a process of combining two or more numbers.

There are 3 main parts of addition, namely the addend, the

equal sign, and the sum.

In addition sentence 7107+534=7641

7107 and 534 are called addends

while 7641 is called sum.
Addends are the numbers being
added while sum is the result in
addition.
Properties of addition

1.Commutative Property of addition (CPA) – the order of

addends not does affect the sum
4+3 =7, 3+4 =7 9+2 =11, 2+ 9 = 11

2. Associative Property of addition (APA) – changing the

grouping of the addends does not affect the sum.
8 + (7 +2) = (8 + 7) + 2
8 + 9 = 15 +2
17.= 17
3. Identity Property of Addition (IPA) – the sum of a number
and zero is the same number.
8+0=8 0+2=2 6+ 0 = 6
Subtraction of Whole Numbers
The operation or process of finding the difference between
two numbers or quantities
A subtraction process consists of three parts of numbers,
namely minuend, subtrahend and difference.

Example: 8 – 6 = 2.
Multiplying Whole Numbers
Multiplication of whole numbers is the sort way to do repeated
addition. Multiply means the repeated addition of groups of
equal sizes.
The parts of a multiplication sentence are the multiplicand,
multiplier, and product. The multiplicand is the first number,
the multiplier is the second number, and the product is the
answer.
Multiplication is represented by
the signs cross (×), asterisk *, dot
(·), or a parentesis. While writing
in your notebooks, you are most
likely to use the cross.
 DIVISION OF WHOLE NUMBERS
division is called repeated subtraction
There are three main parts to a division problem: the dividend, the
divisor, and the quotient. Dividend: The dividend is the number
that is being divided in the division
process.

Divisor: The number by which the

dividend is being divided by is called the
divisor.

Quotient: The quotient is a result

obtained in the division process.

Remainder: Sometimes, we cannot

divide things exactly.
3. Which of the following has the greatest value?

a. 3 + 3² + (3 + 3)²
b. 3 3
c. (3 + 3 + 3)²

d. ⟮(3 + 3)²⟯ 3
 Order of Operations
• P - parenthesis
• E - exponents
• MD - multiply and divide from LEFT TO RIGHT
• AS - add and subtract from LEFT TO RIGHT
 3. Which of the following has the greatest value?

a. 3 + 3² + (3 + 3)² =3 + 9 + 36 = 48

b. 3 3 =27

c. (3 + 3 + 3)² = 9² = 81

d. ⟮(3 + 3)²⟯ 3 ={(6)²}3 = (36)3 = 46,656

How Do I Remember It All ... ? PEMDAS !

P Parentheses
Exponents (ie Powers and Square Roots,
E etc.)
MD Multiplication and Division (left-to-right)
AS Addition and Subtraction (left-to-right)
5 + 3 (42 +7) −7 (2 + 32 * 8) * 0

5 +3 (49) −7 (2 + 256) * 0

5 + 3 (49) − 7 (258) * 0

5 + 147 - 0

152
EXAMPLE 2
7 + (6 × 5 + 3)
2 = 7 + (6 × 25 + 3)

= 7 + (150 + 3)
= 7 + (153)
= 7 + 153
= 160
4. Simplify 5+[-2(-1+3)]²

a.30
b.12 5 + [-2(-1+3)]²
c. 64
d. 21 = 5 + [-2(2)]²
= 5 + [-4]²
= 5 + 16
= 21
5. Which of the following numbers below is a prime
number?

A.1

B.3

C.6

D. 12
A prime
number has only
two factors, itself
and one. A
composite
number has at
least three factors,
and sometimes a
lot more.
5. Which of the following numbers below is a prime
number?

A.1

B.3

C.6

D. 12
6. Which of the following
numbers below is a
composite odd number?

a. 3

b. 5

c. 7

d. 9
7. Which of the following
numbers below is a
composite even number?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 5

D. 91
8. What is the largest prime number less than
100?

a.96

b. 97

c. 98

d. 99
BQ . What is the largest prime number less than
100?

a.10

b. 97

c. 15

d. 25
9. Find the prime factorization of 40.

a. 2 x 2 x 3 x 5

b. 2 x 2 x 5

c. 2 x 5

d. 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
Prime Factorization
Prime Factorization is the process of obtaining prime numbers that
must be multiplied together in order to get a particular number.
9. Find the prime factorization of 40.

a. 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 60

b. 2 x 2 x 5 2 x 2 x 5 = 20

c. 2 x 5 2 x 5 = 10

d. 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 2x2x2x5 = 40
Find the prime factorization of 40.
40 is even, so we know that 2 is a factor (as well as being prime)
40 = 2 x 20.
Now we move on to the number 20.

Again 20 is even, so 2 is a factor.

20 = 2 x 10

So 40 = 2 x 20 = 2 x 2 x 10

Now we factorize 10 into 2 x 5 (both prime numbers) and we cannot go any

further, as all the numbers are prime
So 40 = 2 x 20 = 2 x 2 x 10 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5

Our final answer is 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 or 23 x 5

10. Find the prime factorization of 45.

a. 3 x 5 15

b. 2 x 3 x 5 30

c. 3 x 3 x 5 45

d. 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 40
Find the prime factorization of 45.
45 is odd, so 2 is not a factor.
As the number ends in a 5 we know that 5 is a factor.
45 = 5 x 9.
Now we have to factorize 9.
9 = 3 x 3 (which is a prime number).

This gives us: 45 = 5 x 9 = 5 x 3 x 3

Our final answer is 45 = 3 x 3 x 5 = 32 x 5

BQ: What are the prime factors of 52?

A. 11 x 2 x 3 = 66 which is not 52 C. 23 x 2 = 46 which is not 52

B. 13 x 2 x 2 = 52, so B is the answer D. 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

= 18 which is not 52

Two Conditions must be met:

1. When you multiply the numbers, it should be equal to 52.
2. All numbers multiplied resulting to 52 must be prime numbers.
11. What is the LCM of 60 and 72?

A. 4320 B. 3600 C. 360 D. 5184

Least Common Multiple
Least Common Multiple is smallest number divisible by all of the
numbers in a set.

What is the LCM of 60 and 72?

A. 4320 B. 3600 C. 360 D. 5184

multiples of 60 = 60, 120, 180, 240 , 300, 360, 420…

multiples of 72 = 72, 144, 216, 288, 360, 430….

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS LETTER C. 360

12. Camryn practices the trumpet every 11th day and the flute
every 3rd day. Camryn practiced both the trumpet and the
flute today. How many DAYS until Camryn practices the
trumpet and flute again in the same day?

A. 22 C. 23

B. 45 D. 33

ANSWER: D
 13. Find the greatest common factor
(GCF) of the numbers 36 and 48.
A.6

B.12

C. 1728

D. 144
 Greatest Common Factor
GCF is the highest number that divides exactly two or
more numbers.

EXAMBLE: What is the GCF of 12 and 16?

12 = 2 x 6, 3 x 4, 12 x 1 factors of 12

16 = 2 x 8, 4 x 4, 16 x 1 factors of 16

The common factors are: 4, 1, 2. But the greatest is 4.

So the greatest common factor is 4.

 13. Find the greatest common factor
(GCF) of the numbers 36 and 48.
A.6

B.12

C. 1728

D. 144
Factors of 36: 1, 36, 2, 18, 3, 12, 4, 9

Factors of 48: 1, 48, 2, 24, 3, 16, 4, 12, 6, 8

14. Josefa is making bead necklaces. She has 90 green
beads and 108 blue beads. What is the greatest number
of identical necklaces she can make if she wants to use
all of the beads?
A. 12 C. 16
B. 15 D. 18
Common Factor Of 90 Are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45,
90.

Common Factor Of 180 Are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 27, 36, 54,

and 108. Answer
D. 18
Percent
meaning "per hundred”
Conversion Techniques
Percent to Decimal
Decimal to Percent
Percent to Fraction
Fraction to Percent
 15. Convert 55% to decimal

A. 5.5

B.0.55

C. 5.028

D. 5/5
A. Percent to Decimal
To convert a percent to decimal, we remove the percent symbol
and move the decimal point two places to the left.

55% → 55 → 0.55

B. Decimal to Percent

To convert decimal to percent, we move the decimal point two

places to the right and affix the percent symbol.

0.345 34.5 34.5%

 C. Percent to Fraction
Case 1: If the given percent is a whole number, take
the percent symbol and just divide by 100. Then,
reduce to lowest term.
39% → 39 → 0.39 →

Case 2: If the given percent is in decimal, first convert

to decimal. Equivalent decimal is then converted to
its equivalent fraction.

0.20% → 0.0020 → →
D. Fraction to Percent
To convert a fraction to percent, we first convert the
fraction to decimal. The equivalent decimal is then
converted to percent. 20 → 1/4 → 0.25 → 25%

5/20 → 1/4 → 0.25 → 25%

 15. Convert 55% to decimal

A. 5.5

B.0.55

C. 5.028

D. 5/5
 16. Mang Dino has farm located at south of North
Carolina. In his farm, there are 50 cows in a farm,
40 chickens and 100 horses. What is the ratio of
cows and chickens?

A. 40: 100

B. 50: 100

C. 50:40

D. 50/40
Ratio
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by division. You can write a ratio in
different ways.
A is to B - in words

A:B - in a colon form

A/B - in fraction form

Mang Dino has farm located at south of North Carolina. In his farm, there
are 50 cows in a farm, 40 chickens and 100 horses. What is the ratio of
cows and chickens?
In colon form: In fraction form:
In colon form:
50:40
50:40 = =
 16. Mang Dino has farm located at south of North
Carolina. In his farm, there are 50 cows in a farm,
40 chickens and 100 horses. What is the ratio of
cows and chickens?

A. 40: 100

B. 50: 100

C. 50:40

D. 50/40
 16. A recipe calls for 2 cups of milk for every 7
cups of flour. A chef will use 28 cups of flour, how
many cups of milk must he have?

A. 100

B. 8

C. 28

D. 7
A proportion is an equality of two ratios
=

A. Direct Proportion – both quality increase or

both decrease
 16. A recipe calls for 2 cups of milk for every 7
cups of flour. A chef will use 28 cups of flour, how
many cups of milk must he have?

A. 100

B. 8

C. 28
= 7x = 56 = X=8
D. 7
17. It takes 4 men 6 hours to repair a road.
How long will it take 8 men to do the job if
they work at the same rate?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 5

D. 6
B. Inverse Proportion
-

One quantity increases, the other decreases and vice

versa.

X1Y1 = X2Y2
17. It takes 4 men 6 hours to repair a road.
How long will it take 8 men to do the job if
they work at the same rate?

A. 2 X1Y1 = X2Y2

B. 3 (4)(6) = (8)(x) 24 = 8x

C. 5
3 = x or x = 3
D. 6
C. Partitive proportion
One quantity is being partitioned into different
proportions.

In a class of 40, the ratio of boys to girls is 3:5. How

many are girls? How many are boys?

3x + 5x = 40 8x = 40
 18. Three men are paid P315 to do a certain job. The sum is to be
divided among them in the ratio of 4:5:6. How much does each receive?

A. 84, 104, & 127

B. 84, 105, & 126 4X + 5X + 6X = 315

C. 83, 106, & 126 15X = 315

D. 83, 105, & 127 15X/15 = 315/15

X = 21

4X = 4(21) = 84
5X = 5(21) = 105
6X = 6(21) = 126
 19. A student earned a grade of 80% on a math test that
had 20 problems. How many problems on this test did the
student answer correctly?

A. 14
B.15 Answer:
C. 16
C. 16
D. 17
Percentage, Rate and Base Definition:

"of" usually means multiply Percentage (P) - a part of the whole

Base (B) - the whole
"is"usually means equals Rate (R) - the number usually in percent

Formulae

P = B X R / Percentage = Base x Rate

B = /Base = Percentage divided by

Rate

R = /Rate = Percentage divided by

Base
19. A student earned a grade of 80% on a math test that
had 20 problems. How many problems on this test did the
student answer correctly?

A. 14
B.15
Answer:
C. 16
D. 17 C. 16
20. There are 45 carpenters in a crew. On a certain
day, 9 were present. What percent
showed up for work?

A. 2%
B. 20%
C. 22%
D. 42
Sample Problem on Rate

20. There are 45 carpenters in a crew. On a certain

day, 9 were present. What percent
showed up for work?

A. 2%
B. 20%
Answer
C. 22%
D. 42
B. 20%
21. A student answered 80 problems on a test correctly and
received a grade 40%. How many problems were on the test, if
all the problems were worth the same number of points?
(Round to the nearest whole number)

A. 120
B. 150
C. 200
D. 250
Sample Problem on Base

21. A student answered 80 problems on a test correctly

and received a grade 40%. How many problems were
on the test, if all the problems were worth the same
number of points? (Round to the nearest whole number)

A. 120
B. 150 Answer:
C. 200
D. 250 C. 200
22. What is the percent increase if a shirt which
originally cost P48 and was sold as P60?

A. 0.25
B. 1.25
C. 2.25
D. 0.50
PERCENT INCREASE AND PERCENT DECREASE

Percent Increase =

Percent Decrease =
22. What is the percent increase if a shirt which originally cost P48 and
was sold as P60?

Percent Increase =
A. 0.25
B. 1.25 Percent Increase =
C. 2.25
D. 0.50 Percent Increase =

Percent Increase = 0.25 or 25%

23. A book was originally priced at P12. It was put on sale for P6. To the
nearest percent, by what percentage was its price marked down?

A. 0.25
B. 1.25% Percent Decrease =
C. 2.25%
Percent Increase =
D. 0.50%
Percent Decrease = 0.50 or 50%
 Percent Decrease =

23. A book was originally priced at P12. It was put on sale for P6.
To the nearest percent, by what percentage was its price marked
down?

Percent Decrease =

Percent Increase =

Percent Decrease = 0.50 or 50%

24. One-way fare from Manila to Cebu is 3,800.
How many round-trip tickets can be purchased with
the amount of 91,200?

A. 8 3,800 = one-way fare

b. 14
c. 10 3,800 X 2 = 7,600 - cost of 1 round-trip ticket
d. 12
91,200 / 7,600 = 12 round trip tickets
25. 120 is 4/5 of what number?
Let X: be the number
a.150 120 = 4/5X
(120) 5 = (4/5 X) 5
b. 96
600 = 4X
c. 30 600/4 = (4X)/4

d. 24
150 = X
26. A certain number doubled and decreased by 12
is 8. What is the number??

a.14 Let X: be the number

2X - 12 = 8
b.12 2X - 12 + 12 = 8 +12
2X = 20
c.10
2X/2 = 20/2
d.8 X = 10
 27. Which of the following is the
factorization of the binomial x² - 4?

a.(x+4) (x-2)

b. (x+2) (x+2)

c. (x-2) (x-2)

d. (x-2) (x+2)
28. Three times the first of the three consecutive integers is
three more than twice the third. Find the third integer.
a.9 b. 13 Let X – first integer

c. 11 d. 15 X + 1 – 2nd integer
X + 2 – 3rd integer
3X = [2 (X + 2)] + 3
3X = [2X + 4] + 3 3 x 7 = [2 x 9] + 3
3X = 2X + 7 21= 18 + 3
X = 7 – 1st integer
21= 21
X + 2 = 9 – 3rd integer
29. Julio’s salary is ?8,500 per month. If it is
increased by 12%, what is his new salary per
month?
= ?8,500 x 0.12
a.?9,320
= ?1,020
b. ?9,420 or
= ?8,500 + ?1,020
c. ?9,520 = ?8,500 x 1.12
= ?9520
d. ?9,550 = ?9520
30. An elevator can carry a maximum load of 605
kg. How many passengers weighing 50.5 kg each
can the elevator load?
A.10
605/50.5 = 11.98
B. 11
11 persons only
C. 12

D. 13