PROBABILITY

CLASS X
Generally in our daily life we have 3 types of situations

1. Certainly happen

2. Impossible

3. Happen but not confirm

(may or may not)
   
 
Impossible Even Chance Certain
Unlikely Likely

1. The sun will rise tomorrow.

2. You will live to be 500.
3. You spin a coin and get a head.
4. You will see a bus on your way home.
5. You will see an ambulance on your way home.
Probability is the study of chances, i.e.
Theory of probability
is
Contribution of Mathematicians

James Bernoulli (1654-1705),

A.de.Moivre(1667-1754)
Pierre simon laplace(1749-1827)
Terms of probability
 Experiment
Experiment means an operation which can produce
some well defined outcomes

Example : Results knowing early before doing

experiments in Laboratory
Random Experiment
Examples:

1. Tossing a coin
2. Throwing a dice
3. Pick out a card from a well shuffled deck of playing cards
4. Taking a ball from group of balls
5. Choosing a number from spinning an arrow
The outcomes of an experiment are the
ways it can happen.

2 6 10 52

The event is the particular outcome you are

looking for.
Sample Space
 Elementary event
If a random experiment is performed, then each
outcome is known as elementary event
 Types of Events

Sure Event: Those events whose probability is one.

Example : The probability of getting a white ball from a group of white
balls.

Impossible Event: Those events whose probability

is zero.
Example :
The probability of getting a number greater than 6, when a die is thrown
once, is an impossible event, as the highest number in a die is 6.
 Favorable event
The cases which ensure the
occurrence of an event are called
favorable cases to that event
 The Probability of an Event is
P(Event) = Number of trails in which the
event happened
Total
number of trails
P(Event) = Number(OR) of outcomes
Number
favorable to Eventof all possible outcomes
 Complimentary events
The event Ē, representing not E is called compliment of the event E

P(Ē) = 1-P(E)
Probability of tossing a coin
Probability of Head = ½

Probability of Tail = ½
All possible outcomes of Two coins

?
H HH TT HT T
Probability (Two heads) =¼
Probability (Two tails) =¼
Probability (one tail and one head) =2/4
= 1/2
3 Coins tossed at a time
Probability of a die
A die
2 Dice thrown at once
1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6
3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6

4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6

5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6
6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6
Probability (same number) = 6/36
Probability (Sum is 8) = 5/36
Probability (product is 100) = 0/36
Probability of playing cards

Heart Diamond Club Spade

52 Playing Cards in a pack
4 Suits (Clubs, Spades, Diamonds and Hearts)
13 cards in each suit (A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,K,Q)

A regular dice has the numbers 1,2,3,4,5&6

FACE CARDS
Total face cards = 12

Black face cards = 6

Red face cards = 6

P(Face cards) = 12/52
P(Black/Red face cards) = 6/52
P(Jack/King/Queen) = 4/52
P(Diamond/heart/spade/club) = 13/52
P(Black/Red cards) = 26/52
Try these…
a) b)

P(red P(blue P(yellow or

)
1
5
A )
2
A
5 blue)
3
5
A
1 1 1
B
4
B
4
B
2
Answer is Any number less than 1 or greater than
6.
Answer is White, because there are more white marbles than any other colour.
Can you tell me what the probability is
as a fraction?
1. What is the probability of rolling a 4 with a dice?
2. What is the probability of rolling an odd number with a
dice?
3. A bag contains 7 buttons. 3 of them are green. What is
the probability of picking a green button from the bag?
4. A bag contains 3 red and 5 green marbles. What is the
probability of picking a red.
Can you tell me what the probability is
as a fraction?
1. What is the probability of rolling a 4 with a dice? – 1/6
2. What is the probability of rolling an odd number with a
dice? – 3/6 or 1/2
3. A bag contains 7 buttons. 3 of them are green. What is
the probability of picking a green button from the bag?
– 3/7
4. A bag contains 3 red and 5 green marbles. What is the
probability of picking a red. – 3/8
Can you tell me what the probability is?
1. What is the probability, as a decimal, of getting 'heads' when you
toss a coin?
2. Something that has an even chance of happening has a probability
of what percentage?
3. A bag contains just 5 buttons, all of which are blue. What is the
probability of picking a red button from the bag?
4. A bag contains 4 white buttons. How many black buttons must be
added so there is an even chance of picking a white button?
Can you tell me what the probability is?
1. What is the probability, as a decimal, of getting 'heads' when you
toss a coin? 0.5
2. Something that has an even chance of happening has a probability
of what percentage? 50%
3. A bag contains just 5 buttons, all of which are blue. What is the
probability of picking a red button from the bag? 0
4. A bag contains 4 white buttons. How many black buttons must be
added so there is an even chance of picking a white button? 4
Write whether each event is certain, likely, unlikely, or impossible.

1. The probability of tossing a 7on a standard six-sided die.

2. A glass jar contains 13 red marbles. Describe the probability
of picking a red marble.
3. A glass jar contains 30 marbles. The jar has purple and red
marbles. There are 4 red marbles.
a)Find the probability of picking a purple marble.
b) Find the probability of picking a red marble.
Extension Activity
Extension Activity
Prepared By
M.Sreenivasa Rao
TGT(MATHS)
JNV Banavasi, Kurnool(Dt.) A.P