Enablement Session:

ABAP Performance Tuning

Delivered By: Anshul Srivastava

Agenda

Day-1 Day-2 Day-3 Day-4 Day-5

Measuring ABAP Performance Trace Analysis of ABAP Dumps
Performance  ABAP Trace  TIME_OUT Dumps Database Analysis Miscellaneous
 ABAP performance  SQL Traces  Memory Dumps
analysis (System wide)  DB6 Architecture  Pooled and Cluster
 Buffer Trace Table
 SQL Cache Analysis
 Enqueue Trace  SAP Table Buffering
 R/3 Work load Monitor  Suitable and Unsuitable
 RFC Trace Debugging Access Path  Performance best
practice (Golden Rules)
 Response Time,
 Selectivity
Dispatcher wait time, Analysis and  Memory analysis of  DB index / Changing
Interpretation of Traces Internal Table
Roll in etc . index design
 ABAP SELECT and
 ABAP tuning Technique Joins.
Analysing Individual
Objects
 Database Tuning
 Analysing Transaction Technique
steps

Handling Doubts and Handling Doubts and Handling Doubts and Handling Doubts and Handling Doubts and
Hands On Hands On Hands On Hands On Hands On

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 Day-1

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Agenda

Day-1 Day-2 Day-3 Day-4 Day-5

Measuring ABAP Performance Trace Analysis of ABAP Dumps
Performance  ABAP Trace  TIME_OUT Dumps Database Analysis Miscellaneous
 ABAP performance  SQL Traces  Memory Dumps
analysis (System wide)  DB6 Architecture  Pooled and Cluster
 Buffer Trace Table
 SQL Cache Analysis
 Enqueue Trace  SAP Table Buffering
 R/3 Work load Monitor  Suitable and Unsuitable
 RFC Trace Debugging Access Path  Performance best
practice (Golden Rules)
 Response Time,
 Selectivity
Dispatcher wait time, Analysis and  Memory analysis of  DB index / Changing
Interpretation of Traces Internal Table
Roll in etc . index design
 ABAP SELECT and
 ABAP tuning Technique Joins.
Analysing Individual
Objects
 Database Tuning
 Analysing Transaction Technique
steps

Handling Doubts and Handling Doubts and Handling Doubts and Handling Doubts and Handling Doubts and
Hands On Hands On Hands On Hands On Hands On

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Measuring ABAP Performance
System bottlenecks may cause long-
running programs

 System bottlenecks  Long-running Programs

 Hardware  Unnecessary functionality
 Configuration  Non-optimal Implementation

Long-running programs may cause

system bottlenecks

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Monitors

SM50/SM66

STAD
ST03/ST03N
ST06
ST02
ST04

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Global Work Process Monitor – SM66

Used to display all

active work
processes across all
instances

WP Status Current action

Current runtime

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Global Work Process Monitor – Status
Status column
Status waiting shows that the process is available for a user request.
 Normally there should always be sufficient work processes with status waiting;
otherwise, users will experience poor response times.
 You can check transaction SARFC to check sufficient free work process

Status running means that the work process is processing a user request
 Look in the column Action/Reason for waiting

Status stopped means that the process is waiting

 Look in the column Reason

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Global Work Process Monitor
Work process in status running  Look in column
Action/Reason
Database actions in column Action/Reason for waiting
 Sequential read, Direct read
 Insert, Update, Delete, Commit
R/3 actions in column Action/Reason for waiting
 Load report, Load CUA
 Roll in, Roll out
No action in column Action/Reason for waiting
 Most likely ABAP processing

Work process in status stopped  Look in column Reason

PRIV, DEBUG
CPIC
UPD, ENQ ...
SLEEP

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Global Work Process Monitor
Processes without action in column Action/Reason for
waiting
Check CPU consumption (CPU button or Top CPU processes in Operating
System Monitor, ST06)
 Process with high CPU consumption
– Good evidence for processing of ABAP statements  ABAP trace
 Process with no or low CPU consumption
– Hardware bottleneck (CPU, Paging)
– Process may have died?
– Other problems
All update processes in Status running, Report RSM13000, no information
in column Action
 Update processing may be deactivated

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Global Work Process Monitor
Processes in status stopped (1)
Reason PRIV: Normally no problem, if there are still enough work
processes in status waiting and the R/3 Extended Memory is not
exhausted
 Time is not recorded in Workload Statistics (ST03)
Reason DEBUG: Using the debugger
 Time is not recorded in Workload Statistics (ST03)
Reason CPIC: Find more information about status of CPIC connection in
the Gateway Monitor (Transaction SMGW)
 Time shows up as CPIC+RFC time in Workload Statistics
Reason RFC: Work process is waiting for the response from an RFC call
Reason RPC: Work process is waiting for an ABAP program to be
generated (as of 6.10)
Reason SLEEP: Workprocess is waiting
 This only appears for ‘fixed’ work processes (Batch or private)
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Global Work Process Monitor
Processes in status stopped (2)
Reason GUI: Connection to GUI (e.g. data upload/download)
Reason NUM: Number range buffer is filled on an application server
Reason UPD: Dialog or Background work process waiting for update
Reason ENQ: Waiting for Enqueue
Reason ADM: ADM message (communication with message server)

Time during stopping for reasons GUI, UPD, ENQ, ADM show up as “Lost
time” in Workload Statistics

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Work Process Overview - SM50

To display a snapshot of the

current activities on the
instance you are logged on to

Long-holding sequential reads are an

indication for expensive select
statements.
If direct reads (inserts, updates, deletes)
appear for a relatively long time in the
process overview, it is very likely that
there are DB locks.

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Work Process Overview - SM50 - Details

Select the QP and use the

“Details” button. The
number of database reads
and the memory
consumption of the work
process are displayed

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Monitors

SM50/SM66

STAD
ST03/ST03N
ST06
ST02

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Transaction STAD
Display mode: Affects the way data are grouped

Read Interval: By default STAD shows data for the last

10 minutes
It can be changed but reading statistical records for
several hours might take longer. Statistical records are
only available for the last two days

Filter Parameters: Filter on user, transactions, task

type, etc. or on records that exceed a certain threshold

Tools:
Display data only from selected instances (default: all
instances)
Show additional application statistics that some
applications might add to the STAD record
Include statistics from memory: this will force a buffer
flush before reading statistical records from the file
system.

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 Via the push button ‚Sel.fields‘ you
can select the columns, that are
displayed in the overview list.

To display all details of one dialog

step just double click the
corresponding line in this list.

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 Rule of thumb: Processing time
should not be larger than
130% of CPU time

Processing time = Response

time - (Load time +
Generation time + Roll
(in+wait) time Database
request time + Enqueue
time)

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Analysis of database requests(1)

Few but inefficient selects

 database or SQL
statement tuning required

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Analysis of database requests(2)

Many efficient selects

 no database tuning
potential
 check if all these db
requests are necessary

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Task & memory information

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Task and memory information
Network communication
between application server
and front-end

Memory information

Was heap memory used?

Did WP go into PRIV mode?

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Example: high times for front-end communications (1)

10 seconds to transfer 770kB

from the application server to
the front-end
 network speed probably
OK but too much data
transferred

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Example: high times for front-end communications (2)

1.5 seconds per 1kB

 Insufficient
network speed
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Accesses to database tables

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Top 10 table accesses in STAD records
To display current stat/tabrec setting (ST03->Online
Parameters->Diaglog step statistics)

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RFC Information

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Statistical Records: Entry Screen
Use Statistical Records
(transaction STAT/STAD)
Analyse critical transactions
 Specify transaction or program in the
selection screen
Analyse long-running programs
 Specify “Resp. time >=“
Analyse system waiting situations
(hanging situations)
 Specify dialog work process with the
highest number

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Monitors

SM50/SM66

STAD
ST03/ST03N
ST06
ST02

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Workload Monitor – Workload Statistics
SAP Transaction ST03N, the
Workload Monitor,
summarizes statistics

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Workload Monitor – Transaction Profile

Transaction Profile enables you to find out the

most-used transactions. Tuning these transactions
creates the greatest improvements in overall
performance.

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Workload Monitor – Server Profile

Check that dialog steps and

response times are well
distributed

If they are not well distributed

then there is a problem with
the load balance.

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Workload Monitor – Time Profile
The Time Profile view is used to
display various response times
across the system. High response
times in certain areas can indicate
where a bottleneck may exist

Does this view show if there is problem on the current system?

What are the possible reasons for this

bottleneck?

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Workload Monitor – History

Check for days with bad response times

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Workload Monitor – Summary
 After performing the analysis, you should be able to answer the
following questions:
 Is there a general performance problem?
 Is the performance problem temporary or permanent?
 Is there a hardware bottleneck?
 Is there a general database performance problem?
 Is load distribution non-optimal?
 Is there a performance problem caused by R/3 memory
configuration?

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Monitors

SM50/SM66

STAD
ST03/ST03N
ST06
ST02

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Operating System Monitors

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Operating System Monitors – Detail Analysis

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Operating System Monitors – TOP CPU

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Monitors

SM50/SM66

STAD
ST03/ST03N
ST06
ST02

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Tune Summary

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 Demonstration of Monitors

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Analysis of Time in work process

Dialog Response Time

SERV Roll-
Out

CPU

DB

RFC
DEST

GUI

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Analysis of Time in work process
Greater than 10% of
Response time?
This may indicate the lack
of free work processes.
Check in transaction
ST03N, if the problem is
system wide.

Dialog Response Time

SERV Wait Roll-

Out
Dispatcher
CPU

DB

RFC
DEST

GUI

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Analysis of Time in work process

Greater than 2 × CPU time?

Analyze hardware
bottlenecks in transaction
ST06.

Dialog Response Time

SERV Wait Proc. Proc. Proc. Roll-

Out
Dispatcher
CPU

DB

RFC
DEST

GUI

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Analysis of Time in work process

Greater than 50 ms?

Repeat program execution.
If problem persists, check R/3
memory configuration –
program buffer may be too
small.

Dialog Response Time

SERV Wait Load Proc. Proc. Proc. Roll-

Out
Dispatcher
CPU

DB

RFC
DEST

GUI

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Analysis of Time in work process

Greater than 0ms?

For the first run in system
it is OK.
Otherwise check the
buffers.

Dialog Response Time

SERV Wait Load Proc. Proc. Proc. Roll-

Out
Dispatcher
CPU

DB

RFC
DEST

GUI

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Analysis of Time in work process
Relatively high value?

Check Statistical Records

with RFC Information in
remote system.
If GUI times are high, too,
check front-end
communication.
Dialog Response Time

SERV Wait Roll Load Proc. Roll- Proc. Proc. Roll- Roll- Roll-
In Wait Wait In Out
Dispatcher Dispatcher
CPU

DB

RFC Proc.
DEST

Display
GUI

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Analysis of Time in work process

Dialog Response Time

SERV Wait Roll Load Proc. Roll- Proc. Database Proc. Roll- Roll- Roll-
In Wait request Wait In Out
Dispatcher Dispatcher
CPU

DB Proc.

RFC Proc.
DEST

Display
GUI

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Analysis of Time in work process

Greater than 5ms?

Indicates the problem with
locking.

Dialog Response Time

SERV Wait Roll Load Proc. Roll- Proc. Database Proc. Roll- Roll- Roll-
In Wait request Wait In Out
Dispatcher Dispatcher
CPU

DB Proc.

RFC Proc.
DEST

Display
GUI

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Analysis of Time in work process

Dialog Response Time

SERV Wait Roll Load Proc. Roll- Proc. Database Proc. Roll- Roll- Roll-
In Wait request Wait In Out
Dispatcher Dispatcher
CPU

DB Proc.

RFC Proc.
DEST

Display
GUI

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Analysis of Time in work process

High RFC time?

Check corresponding RFC
statistical records in
remote system.

Dialog Response Time

SERV Wait Roll Load Proc. Roll- Proc. Database Proc. Roll- Roll- Roll-
In Wait request Wait In Out
Dispatcher Dispatcher
CPU

DB Proc.

RFC Proc.
DEST

Display
GUI

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 Thank You

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