Module 3 - Problem
Solving and Reasoning
——
>Introduction
-Mathematical reasoning is the critical skill
that enables a student to make use of all
other mathematical skills. It allow the
student to use their logical thinking through
problem solving and analization.
2 Main Types of Mathematical
Reasoning
>Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning, also known as
induction, is a kind of reasoning
that
Made a general idea or theory by
For example, if you throw a ball in the air and it comes back
down, again and again, you observe the same event happening
and are likely to conclude that when you kick a ball in the air, it
will come back down.
Inductive reasoning is probabilistic; it only states that, given the
premises, the conclusion is probable. Consider these simple
logical statements, known as syllogisms. Here is a statistical
syllogism to illustrate inductive reasoning:
1 90%of human are right handed
2joe is a human
>Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning, also called deductive logic, is the
process of reasoning from one or more general
statements, laws, or a data that is already available.
Deductive reasoning involves using given, true premises
to reach a conclusion that is also true. If you accept or
know the general principle as true, then you can apply it
to the specific case to conclude that it is also true.
Consider the general principle of the law a gravity: what goes
up must come down. Now, when you throw the ball in the air,
you conclude that it will fall down based on your knowledge of
the general law of gravity. Deductive reasoning contrasts with
inductive reasoning in that a specific conclusion is arrived at
from the general principle when reasoning deductively. If the
rules and logic of deduction are followed, this procedure
ensures an accurate conclusion. Here is a classic example of a
deductive argument:
1. All men are mortal.
2. John is a man.
3. Therefore, John is mortal
The first premise states that all objects classified as
"men" have the attribute "mortal. "The second
premise states that "John" is classified as a "man"-a
member of the class or group of "men. The
conclusion then states that "John" must be "mortal"
because he inherits this attribute from his
classification as a "man. "If both premises are true,
the terms are clear, and the rules of deductive logic
are followed, then the conclusion of the argument
follows by logical necessity
> Intuition, proof and
Uncertainty
Mathematical intuition is Intuition is the
mechanism by which this implicit knowledge
is brought to the forefront of the decision-
making process and it can also recognize
pattern clues etc. Intuition plays a vital role
in Mathematics expansion
>Polyas 4-Steps in Problem
Solving
George Polya He devised a systematic process
for solving problems that is now referred to by his
name: the Polya 4-Step Problem-Solving
Process.
Polya created his famous four-step process for
problem solving, which is used all over to aid
people in problem solving:
Problem SOLVING AND
Reasoning
Step 1: Understand the problem.
Step 2: Devise a plan (translate).
Step 3: Carry out the plan (solve).
Step 4: Look back (check and
interpret).
Example 1: Twice the difference of a number and 1 is
4 more than that number. Find the number.
Step 1: Understand the problem.
Make sure that you read the question carefully
several times. Since we are looking for a number, we
will let x = a number
Step 2: Devise a plan (translate).
Twice the difference of a number and 1 is 4 more than
that number
2(x-1)
x+4
Click here to add the title
Your text has been concise and well-written, but the information is inextricably inextricable and
needs to be expressed in more words; but please refine the essence of your thought as much as
possible, and express your views appropriately, often with twice the result with half the effort.
——
Thank you
——
Click here to add the text, the text is the refinement of your thought,
and please try to explain the point of view as succinctly as possible.
