Syllabus for 1st Semester

1- Chapter One: Vector Analysis and Coordinate Systems

2- Chapter Two: Vector Calculus and Transformation between Coordinate

Systems

3- Chapter Three: Electrostatic Fields

4- Chapter Four: Electrostatic Field in Material Space and Boundary

Conditions

5- Chapter Five: Solution of Laplace's and Poisson's Equations

6- Chapter Six: Magnetostatic Field

7- Chapter Seven: Magnetic Forces, Materials and Boundary Conditions

8- Chapter Eight: Dynamic Electromagnetic Fields

 References
• 1- Engineering Electromagnetic, Third Edition, By William H.
Hayt , 1974.

• 2- Schoum's online of Theory and Problems of

Electromagnetics, by Joseph A. Edminister 1979.

• 3- Elements of Electromagnetics , By Matthew N. O. Sadiku,

2001.

• 4- Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics , By Fawwaz T.

Ulaby , 2004.

• 5- Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering

Application , By Stuart M. Wentworth, 2005.

• 6- ‫ تأليف ويليام هايت‬, ‫الكهرومغناطيسة الهندسية‬

• 7- ‫ ناظم حسون العطار‬.‫و د‬ ‫ عبدالرزاق الراشد‬.‫ تأليف د‬، ‫النظرية الكهرومغناطيسة‬

 Branches of electromagnetic spectrum in terms of their frequencies,
wavelengths and energies

Frequency Wavelength Energy

No. Branches Sources Applications
(Hz) (m) (ev)

1. Cosmic Ray > 1024 <10-12 > 106 Cosmic Astronomy

Radioactive
2. Gamma Ray 1019-1023 10-10 – 10-12 104 - 106 elements
Cancer therapy

3. X-Ray 1016-1019 10-10 - 10-8 102 –104 X-Ray machine Medical diagnosis

4. Ultra Violet 1015-1017 10-9 - 10-7 101 –103 Arc Welding Sterilization

5. Visible light 1014-1015 10-7 - 10-6 5–7 The Sun Vision

6. Infrared 1011-1015 10-6 - 10-3 10-3 - 5 Radiant Heater Photography

Tv, radar &

1.Microwave oven
Satellite
7. Microwave 108-1011 10-3 – 1 10-6–10-3 2. Mobile phone
communicati
towers
on

Tv, FM radio & Telephone,

AM Radio Navigation
8. Radio Wave 101-108 1 - 108 <10-6 towers with & Radio
Power lines Broadcasting
 Branches of Radio Wave Frequencies with Their Applications

No. Branches Frequency (Hz) Applications

1. ELF (3-30)Hz Detection of buried metal or objects

2. SLF (30-300)Hz Sensing or earth’s ionosphere

3. ULF (300-3000)Hz Sensing or earth’s ionosphere

4. VLF (3-30)kHz Submarine communication

Short distance communication and radio

5. LF (30-300)kHz
broadcasting

6. MF (300-3000)kHz AM- Radio Broadcasting

Long distance communication and radio

7. HF (3-30)MHz
broadcasting

8. VHF (30-300)MHz FM-Radio broadcast and TV

9. UHF (300-3000)MHz Radar , Colure TV and Mobile communication

10. SHF (3-30)GHz Aircraft radar, Satellites communication

Not used due to the high attenuation by

11. EHF (30-300)GHz
atmospheric region
Multiple and submultiples prefixes
 Definitions
• Electromagnetic Theory: Is a branch of physics or electrical
engineering which studies the electric and magnetic phenomenon.

• Electromagnetic Theory: Is a science which studies the electric

and magnetic phenomenon with their engineering applications.

• Wave: Generally the wave is defined as a form of energy in move.

• Field: Is defined as the action at a distance between two objects

without direct contact, such as Electric, Magnetic and Gravitational
fields.
The source of the production of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic field

• ELECTROSTATICS Field: Stationary Charges produce E-field. This field

and their phenomenon’s have been studied by many scientists: Coulomb,
Ohm, Gauss, Kirschofe and Volta.

• MAGNETOSTATICS Field: Moving charges or stationary current lead to the

production of magnetic field. This field and their phenomenon’s have been
studied by many scientists: Oerestd, Ampere, Biot-Savart, Henry, Lenz,
Lorentz and Faraday.

• Electromagnetic Field: Time varying current or when the charge is

accelerated (i.e. moving with varying velocity) the field which produced is
known as electromagnetic field. This theory has been constructed by
Maxwell who unified the theory of electricity and magnetism through a set
of four equations known as the Maxwell’s equation:
 
  D  v D  Electric flux density ( C / m 2 )

  B E  Electric field Intensity ( N / C ) or (V / m)
 E  B  Magnetic flux density (Web / m 2 )
t
  H  Magnetic field int ensity ( A / m)
  B0  v  Ch arg e density ( C / m3 )

   D J  Current density ( A / m 2 )
 H J 
t
 History of Electric and Magnetic Phenomenon
1. ca. 900 Legend has it that while walking across a field in northern
Greece, a shepherd named Magnus experiences a pull on the iron nails
in his sandals by the black rock he was standing on. The region was
later named Magnesia and the rock became known as magnetite [a form
of iron with permanent magnetism].

2. ca. 600 Greek philosopher Thales describes how amber, after being
rubbed with cat fur, can pick up feathers [static electricity].

3. ca. 1000 Magnetic compass used as a navigational device.

4. 1600 William Gilbert (English) coins the term electric after the Greek
word for amber (elektron), and observes that a compass needle points
north-south because the Earth acts as a bar magnet.

5. 1671 Isaac Newton (English) demonstrates that white light is a mixture of

all the colors.

6. 1733 Charles-Francois du Fay (French) discovered that electric charges

are of two forms, and that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

7. 1745 Pieter van Musschenbroek (Dutch) invents the Leyden jar, the first
8. 1752 Benjamin Franklin (American) invents the lightning rod and
demonstrates that lightning is electricity.

9. 1785 Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (French) demonstrates that the

electrical force between charges is proportional to the inverse of the
square of the distance between them.

10. 1800 Alessandro Volta (Italian) develops the first electric battery.

11. 1820 Hans Christian Oersted (Danish) demonstrates the interconnection

between electricity and magnetism through his discovery that an electric
current in a wire causes a compass needle to orient itself perpendicular
to the wire.

12. 1820 Andre-Marie Ampere (French) notes that parallel currents in wires
attract each other and opposite currents repel.

13. 1820 Jean-Baptiste Biot (French) and Felix Savart (French) develop the
Biot-Savart law relating the magnetic field induced by a wire segment to
the current flowing through it.

14. 1827 Georg Simon Ohm (German) formulates Ohm’s law relating electric
potential to current and resistance.
15. 1827 Joseph Henry (American) introduces the concept of inductance and built one
of the earliest electric motors. He also assisted Samuel Morse in the development of
the telegraph.

16. 1831 Michael Faraday (English) discovers that a changing magnetic flux can induce
an electromotive force.

17. 1835 Carl Friedrich Gauss (German) formulates Gauss’s law relating the electric flux
flowing through an enclosed surface to the enclosed electric charge.

18. 1873 James Clerk Maxwell (Scottish) publishes his Treatise on Electricity and
Magnetism in which he unites the discoveries of Coulomb, Oersted, Ampere,
Faraday, and others into four elegantly constructed mathematical equations known
today as Maxwell’s Equations.

19. 1887 Heinrich Hertz (German) builds a system that can generate electromagnetic
waves (at radio frequencies) and detect them.

20. 1888 Nikola Tesla (Serbian-American) invents the ac (alternating current) electric
motor.

21. 1895 Wilhelm Roentgen (German) discovers Xrays. One of his first X-ray images was
of the bones in his wife’s hand. [1901 Nobel Prize in physics.]

22. 1897 Joseph John Thomson (English) discovers the electron and measures its
charge-to-mass ratio. [1906 Nobel Prize in physics.]

23. 1905 Albert Einstein (German-American) explains the photoelectric effect discovered
earlier by Hertz in 1887. [1921 Nobel Prize in physics.]