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Database Users - Unit 1

The document outlines key concepts related to databases and database management systems (DBMS). It discusses types of databases and applications, basic definitions, typical DBMS functionality including defining, loading, manipulating, and processing data. It also describes database users such as administrators, designers, and various types of end users. Main characteristics of the database approach are explained, including self-describing metadata, insulation between programs and data, and supporting multiple views and concurrent users.

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10 views16 pages

Database Users - Unit 1

The document outlines key concepts related to databases and database management systems (DBMS). It discusses types of databases and applications, basic definitions, typical DBMS functionality including defining, loading, manipulating, and processing data. It also describes database users such as administrators, designers, and various types of end users. Main characteristics of the database approach are explained, including self-describing metadata, insulation between programs and data, and supporting multiple views and concurrent users.

Uploaded by

shamita.kotekani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1 Outline

 Types of Databases and Database Applications


 Basic Definitions
 Typical DBMS Functionality
 Example of a Database (UNIVERSITY) (Ref text pg no )
 Types of Database Users
 Main Characteristics of the Database Approach
 Actors on the Scene
 Workers behind the Scene
 Advantages of Using the Database Approach
Types of Databases and Database Applications

 Traditional Applications:
 Numeric and Textual Databases in Business Applications
 More Recent Applications:
 Multimedia Databases (images, videos, voice, etc.)
 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
 Data Warehouses
 Real-time and Active Databases
 Many other applications
Basic Definitions
 Database:
 A collection of related data.
 Data:
 Known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning.
 Mini-world:
 Some part of the real world about which data is stored in a
database. For example, student registration, grades and transcripts
at a university.
 Database Management System (DBMS):
 A software package/system to facilitate the creation and
maintenance of a computerized database.
 Database System:
 The DBMS software together with the data itself. Sometimes, the
application programs and interfaces are also included.
Simplified database system environment
Typical DBMS Functionality
 Define a particular database in terms of its data types,
structures, and constraints
 Construct or Load the initial database contents on a
secondary storage medium (typically hard disk)
 Manipulating the database:
 Retrieval: Querying, generating reports
 Modification: Insertions, deletions and updates to its content
 Accessing/changing the database through Web applications
 Processing and Sharing by a set of concurrent users and
application programs – yet, keeping all data valid and
consistent
Typical Database functionality (cont.)
 Other features:
 Protection or Security measures to prevent
unauthorized access
 “Active” processing to take internal actions on
data
 Presentation and Visualization of data
 Maintaining the database and associated programs
over the lifetime of the database application
 Called database, software, and system life-cycle
maintenance
Main Characteristics of the Database
Approach
 Self describing nature of a database system
 Insulation between programs and data
 Support of multiple views of the data
 Sharing of data and multi-user transaction
processing
Characteristics of Database approach(cont.)
Self-describing nature of a database system:

 A DBMS catalog stores the description of a particular database (e.g.


data structures, types, and constraints)
 The description is called meta-data (data about data).
 So, database system = Database + Metadata
 DBMS software must work equally well with any number of database
application as along as all information is present in the database.
 In traditional file processing, data definition  part of application
programs  works with one specific type of DB.
Catalog
Characteristics of Database approach(cont.)
Insulation between programs and data
 In database approach structure is stored in the catalog  separate from the
program.
 Changes could be done in the catalog and is separate from the access programs
(program – data independence).
 Data abstraction  Characteristic that allow program- data independence.
 DBMS provides conceptual representation of data.
Characteristics of Database approach(cont.)
Support of multiple views of the data

 A database has many users, each user may see a different view of the
database, which describes only the data of interest to that user.
 A view  subset of database  contains “virtual data” derived from
database(not explicitly stored).

Derived from
database table

Contains virtual
A subset of
view data derived from
database
database
Characteristics of Database approach(cont.)
Sharing of data and multi-user transaction
processing

 Allowing a set of user transactions to access and update the database


concurrently (at the same time).
 Concurrency control within the DBMS guarantees that each
transaction is correctly executed or aborted
 Recovery subsystem ensures each completed transaction has its effect
permanently recorded in the database
 OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) is a major part of database
applications (allows hundreds of concurrent transactions to execute
per second)
Types of Database users
 Database users are those who interact with data to
update, read and modify the information.
 These are people who take advantage from the database.
 Users may be divided into:
 Those who actually use and control the database
content, and those who design, develop and maintain
database applications (called “Actors on the Scene”).
 Those who design and develop the DBMS software
and related tools, and the computer systems
operators (called “Workers Behind the Scene”).
Database Users:Actors on the scene and Workers behind the
scene.
Actors on the scene - people whose jobs involve the day-to-day
use of a large database
 Database Administrators
 Database Designers
 End-users: Use the database for queries, reports, and updating the database content.
Can be categorized into:
 Casual end-users: access database occasionally when needed
 Naïve (or Parametric) end-users: largest section of end-user population.
 Use previously implemented and tested programs (called “canned
transactions”) to access/update the database.
 Examples are bank-tellers or hotel reservation clerks or sales clerks.
Database Users: End-users (cont)
 Sophisticated end-users:
 These include business analysts, scientists, engineers, others thoroughly familiar
with the system capabilities.
 Many use tools in the form of software packages that work closely with the stored
database.
 Stand-alone end-users:
 Mostly maintain personal databases using ready-to-use packaged applications.
 An example is a tax program user that creates its own internal database.
 Another example is a user that maintains an address book

 System Analysts and Application Programmers (Software


Engineers)
Advantage of database approach
 Controlling Redundancy
 Restricting Unauthorized Access
 Providing Persistent Storage for Program Objects
 Providing Storage Structures and Search Techniques for Efficient Query
Processing
 Providing Backup and Recovery
 Providing Multiple User Interfaces
 Representing Complex Relationships among Data
 Enforcing Integrity Constraints
 Permitting Inferencing and Actions Using Rules

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