CNF Onboarding

L3 Certification

Module1 – CNF Architecture

1 © Nokia 2021
Cloud native principles

2 © Nokia 2021
Target Architecture for Core
Engineering products

3 © Nokia 2021
 CN Target Architecture and pitfalls
Evolution path
TARGET
ARCHITECTURE
Model 1 VNF (current status) Model 2 VNF Model 3A VNF Model 3B VNF

VM
VM μs μs μs μs C C C μs C C C
VNFC VNFC VNFC VNFC
VM VM μs C C C μs μs C C C μs
VM VM μs μs μs μs μs μs C C C C C C
VNFC VNFC VNFC VNFC VNFC VNFC VNFC VNFC

VM VM μs μs μs C C C C C C
μs μs
VNFC VNFC VNFC VNFC

Application Containers Application Containers VN Application Containers VN

VNFM
K8S

VIM:
K8S

K8S
F F
Application processes Container runtime VN Container runtime Container runtime
VIM: Open stack/VMW

stack/VMW
VIM: Open

VNFM
F
VNFM

Linux guest OS VNF Linux guest OS Linux guest OS Linux host OS

stack/VMW
VIM: Open
VNFM

management
Server
Hypervisor Hypervisor Hypervisor Hypervisor

Server HW Server HW Server HW Server HW

Infra Infra Infra Infra

μs Micro-service
4 © Nokia 2021
C Container
Cloud Native Principles

Environment Parity: Keep development, staging, and production as similar as possible

Administrative Processes: Run admin/management tasks as one-off processes

Port Binding: Export services via port binding

Stateless Processes: stateless application design

Concurrency: Scale out via the process model

Telemetry : support feedback for DevOps.

Authentication and Authorization: secure app against un-secure environment

5 © Nokia 2021
6 © Nokia 2021
 CNF Target Architecture

Scope of the CN-A infrastructure Scope of the CN-B infrastructure

• Hardware and Management of Hardware • Hardware and Management of Hardware
• Life cycle operations for cloud infra • Life cycle operations for Hosts
• Life cycle operations of Guest VMs and network • Container runtime and management
configuration
• Container runtime and management

7 © Nokia 2021
Nokia Registers Cloud native Transformation
Deployment model Requirement

NetAct
Register CNF1 Register CNF2 Register CNFn
Services Services Services

Kubernetes Cluster
ZTS CNF

NCM Nokia Registers CNF

Shared UDM AUSF HSS HLR EIR
services services services services services services

IMEIDB Service
CLCM

AUSF Service 1
AUSF Service 1

4G EIR Service
Common Data Store

UDM Service 1
UDM Service 1
UDM Service 1

5G EIR Service

3G EIR Service
HLR Service 1
DIAMETER LB

Service Discovery

HSS Service 1
HSS Service 1
HSS Service 1
SIGTRAN LB
ARPF LB
HTTP LB

Trigger
Envoy

NIM

...

Deploymen Master (3) Worker Worker Edge Edge Worker Worker

t Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node

8 © Nokia 2021
Proposed deployment models &
service updates

9 © Nokia 2021
Nokia Registers Cloud native Transformation CNF NF Service

Deployment and Update model Requirement

Deployment models

5G EIR

AUSF
AUSF
AUSF

UDM
UDM
UDM

HLR

HLR
HLR

HSS

HSS
HSS

EIR

EIR
representation
(subset)
Combined model VNF Parity model 5G HSS- HLR- UDM- AUSF- EIR-
model only only only only only

UDMv1

UDMv1
UDMv2

UDMv1
CNF (services in HLRv1

HLRv2
HLRv2

HLRv1
HSSv1

HSSv1
HSSv2

HSSv1

EIRv1
CNF) Update model
representation
CNF Source CNF update CNF update CNF introduction
Service1v1

Service2v1

Service3v1

Service1v2

Service2v2

Service3v2

Service1v1

Service2v2

Service3v1
CNF Service Update
model
representation
CNF Source CNF Update (major version-rebase) Service Update (minor version[SP,PP])

10 © Nokia 2021
 Cloud Native VNF architecture
High level example gRPC communication via
Envoy load balancers
DNS

Application pod
Application pod Zero Touch Services
Application pod Envoy Envoy
App App App Load Load
App
App
container App
App
container App
App
container balance balancer
App
container
container App
container
container App
container
container r Config Repo NETCONF
container container container Service
NE3S
(FM/PM)
Technology
adapters

CM Proxy FM PM Envoy Event processing

CM Proxy Envoy
CM FM FM PM PMLog service (FM/PM)
VES
(FM/PM)

Event processing Syslog/sFTP

Envoy container service (Log)
Envoy container Consul
Envoy container Consul VES (log)
(Applic (ZTS service)
ation)

Service discovery of ZTS

services by using Consul
CM and FM + PM + Log with gRPC
11 © Nokia 2021
APIs
Case study: CMS-8200 CNF
Architecture

12 © Nokia 2021
Nokia REGISTERs (HSS+HLR) CNF Topology Internal LAN
Protocol LAN1: HTTP, Diam
LAN, LDAP LAN, HSM LAN1

HSS/HLR Microservices Protocol lan2:

HSMl LAN2, SCTP LAN2

Nokia REGISTERs HSS VNF

DNS
HSS-CP Service HLR-CP Service ZTS Integration
(Envoy LB) SSH PM/FM
(JSON/REST
via VES/
Mgmt (Internal) NE3S)
ZTS
Inter Service Comm (Internal) EMS, e.g.
CM NetAct
(NetConf/
Yang )
gRP
C
Others

SS7 LB Diam LB HTTP2 LB LDAP Disp AUC/ARPF

LI Srvc SD Srvc xDS Trig Srvc
Srvc Srvc Srvc Srvc Srvc
DIAMETER

HTTP2/s

HTTP/s
HTTP/S

Note:

LDAP

SOAP

TCP

TCP
Rest- SOAP
HTTP/s 1 2 3
http 1 Subscriber data and NSR data
SS7/SIGTRAN Sub change notification trigger
LIMS Diam Peer UDM Discovery
NDS DB Notification Prov GW HSM
Peer DB 2 CanMSub, Reset trigger
SDL
3 AC data re-encryption trigger

13 © Nokia 2021
 Ext srvc discovery
CMS-8200 POD structure
HSS-HLR CNF Kubernetes Cluster
Ext DNS
Application
ApplicationPOD
POD Envoy ZTSL
AUTH POD Envoy
LB Srvc A

Internal Service Discovery

LB
POD POD POD

EIP
Application
ARPF, AUTH ZTSL
Containers
RPC-GW Srvc B
POD

VNF Srvc gRpc (CM/PM/FM)

MCC/TSP Container Discovery Envoy Envoy
POD
Platform
Admin Container FluentB
Containers it
CAFPrx Contain
y FM PM er
CMPrxy etcd

ZTSL
ZTS Envoy Container Srvc Z
Containers POD

gRpc (PM Data) ZTSL VNF

gRpc (CM Data) Kubernetes
gRpc (FM Data)
Cluster
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CNF Feature party – HSS/HLR
• Non functional features parity
• Functional features parity

HSS_VNF_PARITY. \HLR
pptx System-Feature Parity between VNF-B

15 © Nokia 2021
Overview of HSS Application impacts in CNF
System Features Parity Case
CNF-VNF Parity Cases 1. Service Activation Thresholds
2. Connection Managements
3. Entity Specific Logging
4. Entity Specific Counters
5. Centralized Logging
6. eSST
7. Customized AuC
8. DOIC
9. DRMP,DSCP,Session-Priority
Non Functional Parity Case 10.
11.
Backend Database integration (LDAP DIS , QoS…)
Dual Stack Support
1. Robustness 12. Self Activation - FL
2. Performance 13. CSCF Failover/Failback
3. Security 14. External-Group-Id processing
4. Serviceability (LCM, …) 15. NSR Caching
5. Migration Procedure from VNF/BM to CNF 16. SOAP trigger Handling
6. Update 17. LI
7. Upgrade 18. Traffic Eviction/Graceful Shutdown
8. B&R 19. Central Debugging (example CLI tool usages, tracings)
9. Auto Scaling 20. Avoidance Of Stale Message Processing
10. Auto Healing 21. Response time comparisons
11. Live Migration 22. Domain interworking (Hd, Uhhd)
12. Documentations [ Communication Matrix, CNF structure , CNF 23. SCTP multi homing, multi streaming
security guidelines] 24. CNF behaviour with external Delay inductions
13. Accord impacts. 25. Existing Security mechanisms TLS,DTLS,HSM LAN Encryption(SSH
tunnelling), IPSec
26. OAM Load floods
27. Alarm Severity change
28. NetAct integration (auto integration)
29. Configuration Changes using command lines
30. Overload Handling
31. DNS resolutions
16 © Nokia 2021
CNF Feature parity

17 © Nokia 2021
Overview of HLR Application impacts in CNF
Functional/OAM Feature Gaps Deployment/Security/Platform Feature Performance/Robustness/System Feature
Gaps Gaps
1. CCBS
1. NTP Sync time 1. Overload handling
2. Features using File Writer
functionality: 2. Counter aggregation and alarm Escalation 2. Congestion handling
rule handling
1. Fraud log generation 3. SS7 Shutdown handling in case of
2. Multisim nomination change 3. Upgrade procedures resource unavailability
3. LI Disk Buffering 4. Firewall rules handling, user management, 4. SS7 variants: ITU/Hybrid ANSI/Hybrid
4. Improved HSM interface handling: access permissions, etc. Chinese
ss7ShutdownDelay handling
5. Security certificate configurations 5. SCTP MH
5. Entity Specific Counters
6. Backup and Restore
6. Call Processing Error logs
7. SS7 Stack Features:
7. Centralized IMSI tracing 1. Backup PC
8. SS7 Link level Counters 2. Weighted load sharing
3. IPSP-IPSP link
9. SCTP/OS Counters 4. Link priority groups
5. Etc.
10. Counter aggregation rules
8. Memory size restrictions against POD
size.

18 © Nokia 2021 9. IP Stack Support (IPv4/6 dual stack)

 CNF Feature party
• Non functional features parity
• Functional features parity

• Details available at
• HLR Feature parity gaps
• https://nokia.sharepoint.com/:p:/r/sites/registersrd/Shared%20Documents/400%20Training/3G4G%20CNF%20Architecture%20Sessions/HLR%20System-Feature
%20Parity%20between%20VNF-BM%20and%20CNF.pptx?d=wb95a8c97d91c4e629c4bc9cd845ecd05&csf=1&web=1&e=Q69pR0
•

• HSS Feature parity gaps

• https://nokia.sharepoint.com/:p:/r/sites/registersrd/Shared%20Documents/400%20Training/3G4G%20CNF%20Architecture%20Sessions/HSS_VNF_PARITY.ppt
x?d=wc7827c2d048b4bcaad9f11d464c9dd55&csf=1&web=1&e=MADjj8

• Video recordings:
• https://nokia.sharepoint.com/:v:/r/sites/registersrd/Shared%20Documents/400%20Training/3G4G%20CNF%20Architecture%20Sessions/HSS%20Parity%20Shari
ng.mp4?csf=1&web=1&e=4FSbk7
• https://nokia.sharepoint.com/:v:/r/sites/registersrd/Shared%20Documents/400%20Training/3G4G%20CNF%20Architecture%20Sessions/HLR%20CN.mp4?csf=1
&web=1&e=EwewW4

• 19 © Nokia 2021