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Role of Cryptography

Cryptography has played an important role in safeguarding secrecy for over 4000 years. It allows for confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation of digital communications. As technology advances, cryptography also evolves to protect data at rest and in transit using techniques like encryption algorithms, digital signatures, and quantum cryptography to ensure secrecy into the future.

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23 views23 pages

Role of Cryptography

Cryptography has played an important role in safeguarding secrecy for over 4000 years. It allows for confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation of digital communications. As technology advances, cryptography also evolves to protect data at rest and in transit using techniques like encryption algorithms, digital signatures, and quantum cryptography to ensure secrecy into the future.

Uploaded by

sushanta.ww9
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cryptography

in Safeguarding Secrecy
SOME PEOPLE SAY THAT KNOWLEDGE IS
POWER. I DISAGREE.
KNOWLEDGE IS WHAT POWER IS MOST AFRAID
OF.

Mohiuddin Mohammad
Classified documents
 Classified documents is material that a government body deems to be
sensitive information that must be protected. Access is restricted by law or regulation to
particular groups of people with the necessary security clearance and need to know, and
mishandling of the material can incur criminal penalties.
 expressions referring to communicating or receiving include any communicating or
receiving, whether in whole or in part, and whether the sketch, plan, model, article, note,
document, or information itself or the substance, effect or description thereof only be
communicated or received; expressions referring to obtaining or retaining any sketch, plan,
model, article, note or document, include the copying or causing to be copied of the whole
or any part of any sketch, plan, model, article, note, or document; and expressions
referring to the communication of any sketch, plan, model, article, note or document
include the transfer or transmission of the sketch, plan, model, article, note or document;
 "document" includes part of a document;
 "model" includes design, pattern and specimen;
Classified documents Types
Cryptography

CODE CIPHER  CRYPTOLOGY  CRYPTOGRAPHY  ENCRYPTION


Cryptography Safeguards….

1. Personal Level Secrecy


2. Organization Level Secrecy
3. State Level Secrecy (MILITARY GRADE)
4. Digital World (WE CANNOT LIVE WITHOUT
CRYPTOGRAPY)
Cryptography Safeguards When…
Data(Information) is ….
1. At Rest
2. In Transit

*Digital world Data: ATM, Online payment, web traffic, Apps etc.
* A Big Concern :It’s get as personal it can be.
How Does Cryptography Safeguards Secrecy..
 Confidentiality - encodes and hides the message
 Authentication - verifies the message’s origin
 Integrity - proves the message’s contents haven’t been changed since
sending
 Non-repudiation - ensures a message sender can’t deny sending the message
to provide confidentiality, information is encrypted using formulas called
encryption algorithms, or ciphers. One part of the algorithm must have a
variable called a key. This makes the algorithm’s output unique, thereby
turning your data into unreadable code.
Cryptography’s Role: Historical Instance
 Egyptian Hieroglyphs
• most primitive instances
• existed 3900 years ago at the tomb of an Egyptian noble
• hieroglyphs: formal alphabet used for written communication in Egypt
• pictograms with intricate designs and symbols

 Greek Instances
• noticeable applications in the Spartan military
• transposition cipher
• authentication, secrecy, and to avoid any bad omens.
• Scytale

Cryptography Helps to Shape up World History


Cryptography’s Role: Historical Instance
 Primitive Steganography
• carving the message on the tables
• tattooing the information on the shaved heads of slaves

 The Classical Caesar Cipher


• most modern cryptographic practices of ancient times
• simple shift ciphers to communicate secretly with his military and noblemen.
Cryptography’s Role: Historical Instance
 Renaissance and the Medieval Cryptography
• considerable advancements
• substitution cipher
• increasingly essential in secure communication.
• cryptanalysis
• caught the attention of scientists in the middle ages

 First Decryption in 800 AD

• in 800 AD by Al Kindi, an Arab mathematician


• the idea of frequency analysis
• This successful attempt made people keener to learn and develop
Cryptography’s Role: Historical Instance
 The Polyalphabetic Cipher

• A solution to counter Al-Kindi’s decryption method


• proposed in 1465 by Leone Alberti
• polyalphabetic cipher that was hard to decrypt
• uses two different alphabets for encryption
• It was pointless to use frequency analysis

 Binary Encoding in Renaissance

• modern methods of information encryption


• using binary encoding in 1623
• introduced by a renowned polymath Sir Francis Bacon.
Cryptography’s Role: Historical Instance
 Modernization in Recent Centuries

• breakthrough in 1970 by Sir Jefferson


• idea of the cipher wheel was considered a mastermind
• founded on 36 wheels of the alphabet resulting in a very complex encoding.
• well-acknowledged in World War II
• rendered the basis for encryption techniques in the US military

 The Enigma Machine

• A renowned example of analog cryptography is from World War II


• called the Enigma machine
• It enhances the idea of wheel ciphers
Cryptography’s Role: Historical Instance
 Cryptographic Practices in the Era of Computers

• a necessary part of communication


• matchless strength and reliability for the employment of secrecy,
integrity, and authenticity in confidential communications
• cryptocurrencies were made possible

WE CANNOT LIVE WITHOUT CRYPTOGRAPY.


Cryptography’s Role: Future

With the advent of modern or quantum cryptography and ever-evolving


threats with the dire need for data security, the cryptographic evolution is
unlikely to stop after 4000 years.

Vs

Necessity is the Mother of Invention.


Lest’s Break This Cipher

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