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Philosophical Perspective

This document summarizes different philosophical perspectives on the concept of self from ancient to modern thinkers. It discusses the views of Socrates, Plato, St. Augustine, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Freud, Ryle, Churchland, and Merleau-Ponty. The document explores how each philosopher conceptualized the self through notions like knowing oneself, the divisions of the soul, connecting with God, the mind-body connection, experiences shaping the self, challenging a permanent self, transcendental apperception, the layers of personality, behavior defining self, the brain as self, and phenomenology unifying mind and body. The conclusion reflects on understanding the self from many perspectives and

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Janry Moral
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47 views17 pages

Philosophical Perspective

This document summarizes different philosophical perspectives on the concept of self from ancient to modern thinkers. It discusses the views of Socrates, Plato, St. Augustine, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Freud, Ryle, Churchland, and Merleau-Ponty. The document explores how each philosopher conceptualized the self through notions like knowing oneself, the divisions of the soul, connecting with God, the mind-body connection, experiences shaping the self, challenging a permanent self, transcendental apperception, the layers of personality, behavior defining self, the brain as self, and phenomenology unifying mind and body. The conclusion reflects on understanding the self from many perspectives and

Uploaded by

Janry Moral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Self From

Philosophical
Perspective
Herbert John L. Arganda, MAPhysEd
Instructor I
Philosophy
• “Philos” and “Sophia” which literally means
“Love for Wisdom”
• It is the study of acquiring knowledge
through rational thinking and inquiries that
involves in answering questions regarding
the nature and existence of man and the
world we live in.
Who
am I?
Describe yourself in 3 sentences
Socrates: The First
Martyr of Wisdom
• The philosophy of Socrates underlies in the
importance of the notion “knowing oneself” for him,
men’s goal in life is to obtain happiness and such
goal motivates us to act towards or avoid things that
could have negative repercussions in our lives.
Plato: Exploring the
Soul's Divisions
• A person who is a follower of truth and wisdom will
not be tempted by vices and will always be just.
• Plato’s 3 parts of the soul
o Appetitive Soul
o Spirited Soul
o Rational Soul
St. Augustine: Connecting with
God and Ourselves

• God encompasses us all, that everything will be


better if we are with God.
• His idea of a man and how to understand who we are
as a person is related to our understanding of who we
are and how we question ourselves
Rene Descartes: Discovering
the Mind-Body Connection

• A person is comprised of mind and body, the body


that perceives from the different senses and the mind
that thinks and question or doubt what the body has
experienced.
John Locke: Shaping the Self
as a Blank Slate

• “Tabula Rasa” which means a Blank Slate.


• He believed that the experiences and perceptions of a
person is important in the establishment of who that
person can become.
David Hume: Challenging the Idea
of a Permanent Self

• At the notion of self, one’s identity and behavior


does not exceed the physical realm and that the
“Self” is only the accumulation of different
impressions.
Immanuel Kant: Exploring Transcendental
Apperception
• “Transcendental Apperception” is an essence of our
consciousness that provides basis for understanding
and establishing the notion of “self” by synthesizing
one’s accumulation of experiences, intuition and
imagination goes.
Sigmund Freud: Exploring the
Layers of Self
• A man has different constructs of personality that
interacts with each other and along with his concept of
the different levels of consciousness provides an idea
how a person develops a sense of self.
• Aspects of Personality
o ID
o SUPEREGO
o EGO
Gilbert Ryle: Seeing Self through
Behavior

• Self is the behavior presented by the person, his


notion of dualism is that the behavior that we show,
emotions and actions are the reflection of our mind
and as such is the manifestation of who we are.
Paul Churchland: Unveiling the
Brain as Self

• People should improve our association and use of


words in identifying the self. He has this idea that
the “self” is defined by the movements of our brain.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Unifying
Self through Phenomenology

• His idea of the self, regarded that the body and


mind are not separate entities, but rather those two
components is one and the same.
Conclusion: Grasping the
Self's Many Sides

Ancient to Modern: A Mix of Us: Pieces of Us: Thoughts,


Many thinkers, one goal Understanding shapes feelings, and actions
– understanding self. our connection. make our puzzle.
Which
philosophy
relates to your
own self?
THANK
YOU
H E R B E RT J O H N A R G A N D A , M A P H Y E D

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