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OSI Model

The document describes the 7-layer OSI model and the 4-layer TCP/IP model for networking. The OSI model consists of the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The TCP/IP model combines the physical/data link layers and session/presentation/application layers. Each layer has a specific function and usage, with lower layers dealing with physical connections and higher layers supporting end-user applications and services.

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13 views13 pages

OSI Model

The document describes the 7-layer OSI model and the 4-layer TCP/IP model for networking. The OSI model consists of the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The TCP/IP model combines the physical/data link layers and session/presentation/application layers. Each layer has a specific function and usage, with lower layers dealing with physical connections and higher layers supporting end-user applications and services.

Uploaded by

kjacdog15
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OSI Model:

Physical Layer (Layer 1):

• Function: Deals with the physical connection between


devices.
• Usage: Transmits raw bits over a physical medium (e.g.,
cables, electrical signals).
Data Link Layer (Layer 2):

• Function: Provides error detection and correction within


the physical layer.
• Usage: Organizes bits into frames, handles access to the
physical medium, and manages flow control.
Network Layer (Layer 3):

• Function: Routes data between different devices on


different networks.
• Usage: Handles logical addressing and packet
forwarding, determining the optimal path for data
transmission.
Transport Layer (Layer 4):

• Function: Ensures end-to-end communication and data


integrity.
• Usage: Segments and reassembles data into a stream,
handles flow control, and provides error checking.
Session Layer (Layer 5):

• Function: Manages sessions (connections) between


applications on different devices.
• Usage: Establishes, maintains, and terminates
communication sessions, including synchronization and
dialogue control.
Presentation Layer (Layer 6):

• Function: Translates data between the application layer


and the lower layers.
• Usage: Handles data formatting, encryption, and
compression to ensure that the data is presented in a
readable format.
Application Layer (Layer 7):

• Function: Provides network services directly to end-users


or applications.
• Usage: Supports communication between software
applications, providing various network services such as
email, file transfer, and remote login.
TCP/IP Model:
Link Layer (equivalent to OSI Layers 1 and 2):

• Function: Similar to OSI Layers 1 and 2, deals with


physical and data link aspects.
• Usage: Transmits raw bits over a physical medium and
organizes bits into frames.
Internet Layer (equivalent to OSI Layer 3):

• Function: Corresponds to the OSI network layer, handling


logical addressing and routing.
• Usage: Routes data between devices on different
networks using IP addressing.
Transport Layer (equivalent to OSI Layer 4):

• Function: Similar to OSI Layer 4, ensures end-to-end


communication and data integrity.
• Usage: Segments and reassembles data into a stream,
handles flow control, and provides error checking.
Application Layer (equivalent to OSI Layers 5, 6,
and 7)
• Function: Corresponds to the upper three layers of the
OSI model, providing network services to end-users and
applications.
• Usage: Supports communication between software
applications, offering various network services.

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