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Drugs Affecting Reproductive System

This document discusses sex hormones and related drugs. It describes the three major estrogens found in women and their pharmacological effects, including development of female characteristics and maintenance of the uterine cycle. It also discusses progestogens, antiestrogens, antiprostrogens, and contraceptive drugs. Adverse effects and clinical uses are provided for estrogens, progestogens, and several drugs that act on the uterus and smooth muscle, including oxytocin, pituitrin, ergot alkaloids, and prostaglandins.

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Maraniela Anamot
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53 views29 pages

Drugs Affecting Reproductive System

This document discusses sex hormones and related drugs. It describes the three major estrogens found in women and their pharmacological effects, including development of female characteristics and maintenance of the uterine cycle. It also discusses progestogens, antiestrogens, antiprostrogens, and contraceptive drugs. Adverse effects and clinical uses are provided for estrogens, progestogens, and several drugs that act on the uterus and smooth muscle, including oxytocin, pituitrin, ergot alkaloids, and prostaglandins.

Uploaded by

Maraniela Anamot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Estrogen and

antiestrogens
Progestogens and
antiprogestogens Sex
Contraceptive drugs hormones
Drugs acting on uterus and related
and smooth muscle drugs
Three major naturally occurring
oestrogens in women: Estrogens and
antiestrogens
1. Estradiol (E2) - the predominant form

in nonpregnant females

2. Estrone (E1) - produced during

menopause

3. Estriol (E3) - the primary estrogen of

pregnancy
Pharmacological effects of
estrogens
development of the female genital Other actions:
tract of the female secondary sex decreasing postmenopausal
characteristics
disturbances in sleep
 maintenance of both
proliferative and secretory phases  increasing aldosterone and
of the uterine endometrium causing water and Na+ retention
Ovulation- increase small doses  decreasing LDL and increasing
or decrease larger doses HDL levels in plasma
 development of the breast and
latescence- increase small doses  increasing factor II, VII, IX, X and
or decrease larger doses coagulation
SLEEP
estrogen decreases post-menopausal
disturbances in sleep

CARDIOVASCULAR
in post-menopausal women estrogen provides a
protective effort against cardiovascular disease
causing a decrease in LDL and an increase in
HDL levels in plasma

UROGENITAL TRACT
estrogen treatment reverses
postmenopausal atrophy of vulva, vagina,
urethra, and trigone of the bladder
OSTEOPOROSIS
estrogen decreases the resorption of bone but has
no effect on bone formation
 estrogen decreases frequency of hip fracture and
weight-bearing exercise also slow loss of bones
 treatment with estrogen must begin within 2 or 3
years of menopause, earlier if possible
VASOMOTOR
estrogen treatment re-establishes feedback on
hypothalamic control of norepinephrine
section, leading to decreased frequency of “hot
CLINICAL USES OF ESTROGENS
1.Postmenopausal Syndrome
2. Primary Hypogonadism
3. Menstrual Disorders
4. Conceptions
5. OTHERS:-SUPPRESS LACTATION AFTER CHILD
BITH
-ADVANCE BREAST
CANCER(POSTMENOPAUSAL)AND PROSTATIC
CANCER
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ESTROGENS

1. ORAL ADMINISTRATION-
NAUSEA,VOMITING,DIARRHEA
2. CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS:-RISK OF
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISIS
-HYPERTENSION,EDEMA
3. OTHER:-GALLBLADER DISEASE
-RISK OF BREAST AND ENDOMETRIAL
CARCICOMA
ANTIESTROGENS
1. EFFECTS:-PARTIAL/ANTAGONIST FOR
ESTROGEN RECEPTOR
2.USES:-ANOVULATORY INFERTILITY
-MENSTRUAL DISORDERS
-ADVANCED BREAST CANCER
-FUNCTIONAL AMENORRHEA
3. ADVERSE EFFECTS:-MULTIPLE OVULATION
WITH MULTIPLE PREGNANCY
-OVARY TUMEFACTION
example
TAMOXIFEN
-NONSTEROID COMPETITIVE ESTROGEN
ANTAGONIST
-USED FOR TREATMENT OF ESTROGEN
DEPENDENT BREAST CANCER
PROGESTOGENS
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
-CONVERTING THE UTERINE EPITHELIUM
FROM THE PROLIFERATIVE TO THE
SECRETORY PHASE
-DEVELOPMENT OF GALACTOPHORE
-THERMOREGULATION:INCREASING BODY
TEMP.
Progesterone
CLINICAL USES
- MENSTRUAL DISORDERS
-CANCER
ADVERSE EFFECTS
-GI REACTIONS
-EDEMA
-VIRILIZATION
-ACNE
example

MIFEPRISTONE
-A SYNTHETIC STEROID COMPOUND USED AS A
PHARMACEUTICAL.
-IT IS A PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
USED AS AN ABORTIFACIENT IN THE FIRST 2
MONTHS OF PREGNANCY AND IN SMALLER
DOSES AS AN EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE.
ANTIPROGESTOGENS

CLINICAL USES:
1.MEDICAL TERMINATION OF INTRAUTERINE
PREGNANCIES OF UP TO 49 DAYS GESTATION
2.TERMINATION OF PREGNANCIES BETWEEN 13 AND 24
WEEKS GESTATION
3.LABOR INDUCTION IN FETAL DEATH IN UTERO
4.EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE
example

CONTRACEPTIVE DRUGS

-have been identified that inhibit fertility by a


number of different mechanisms
A CONTRACEPTIVE DRUG SHOULD:
-EXTREMELY SAFE AS WELL AS HIGHLY
EFFECTIVE
-ITS ACTION MUST BE QUICK IN ONSET,QUICKLY
AND COMPLETELY REVERSIBLE EVEN AFTER
YEARS OF CONTINUOUS USE
-IT MUST NOT AFFECT LIBIDO
FOR FEMALE:
-INHIBITION OF OVULATION
-PREVENTION OF FERTILIZATION
-INHIBITION OF IMPLANTATION
-USE OF SPERMICIDES IN VAGINA
FOR MALE:
-DIRECT INHIBITION OF SPERMATOGENESIS

-INDIRECT INHIBITION OF SPERMATOGENESIS


ESTROGENS+PROGESTOGENS
1.PHARMACOLOGIGAL EFFECTS:
-INHIBITION OF OVULATION
-INHIBITION OF IMPLANTATION
-INCREASE IN VISCIDITY OF CERVICAL
MUCUS
2.CLINICALUSES
A.ORAL-SHORT AND LONG ACTING
CONTRACEPTIVES
B.LONG ACTING INJECTIONS
C.SLOW RELEASING PREPARATIONS
D.ULTIPHASIC PREPARATIONS
3. ADVERSE EFFECTS
-GI REACTIONS
-MENSTRUAL DISORDER
-VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
-EDEMA,DEPRESION,WEIGHT GAIN,ACNE
. DRUG INTERACTIONS
-HEPTICENZYME IDUCERS ATTENUATE THE
EFFECT OF CONTRACEPTIVE DRUGS
CONTRACEPTIVE DRUGS-
MALE
GOSSYPOL
-COMPOUND DESTROYS ELEMENTS OF THE
SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM BUT DOES NOT ALTER THE
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE TESTIS.
*OTHERS:
-CYPROTERONE ACETATE
-ANDROGEN
-PROGESTRONE-ANDROGEN COMPOUND
DRUGS ACTING ON UTERUS
SMOOTH MUSCLE
STIMULANTS OF UTERUS
-OXYTOCIN

-PITUITRIN
-ERGOT ALKALOID
-PROSTAGLANDINS
RELAXANTS OF UTERUS
-RITODRINE -SALBUTEROL
-TERBUTALINE -MAGNESIUM SULFATE
oxytocin
A PEPTIDE HORMONE,SYNTHESIZED IN
HYPOTHALAMUS;RELEASED IN LARGE AMOUNTS
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
-UTERINE CONTRACTION
CLINICAL USES
-SMALL DOSES:RHYTMIC CONTRACTION;INDUCTION
OF LABOR
-LARGE DOSES:TONIC CONTRACTION;POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
*RECOMMENDED DOSES-RELATIVELY SAFE
WHEN USED AT,AND SIDE EFFECTS ARE
UNCOMMON
*EXESSIVE DOSAGE OR LONGER
ADMINISTRATION-TETANIC UTERINE
CONTRACTIONS,UTERINE RUPTURE,POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE,WATER INTOXICATION,AND
SOMETIMES FATAL
PITUITRIN
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
-CONTACTING VASCULATURES

CLINICAL USES
-USED IN CONTROLLING BLEEDINGS

ADVERSE EFFECTS
-PALE FACE,BP ELEVATION,PALPITATION,ABDOMINAL PAIN
ERGOT ALKALOID
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
-UTERINESMOOTH MUSCLE STIMULATION
-VESSEL-CONTRACTING EFFECTS
-a-RECEPTOR BLOCKING EFFECT
USED IN:
-UTERUS BLEEDING
-POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE
-MIGRAINE
ADVERSE EFFECTS
-GI DISTURBANCES,DIARRHEA,NAUSEA,AND
VOMITING PROLONGED VASOSPASM

CONTRAINDICATIONS
-OBSTRUCTIVE VASCULAR,PREGNANCY
PROSTAGLANDIS
USED IN:
-ABORTION COMBINED WITH MIFEPRISTONE

-FACILITATION OF LABOR
ADVERSE EFFECTS
-GI DISTURBANCE,MAINIT,VOMITING AND ABDOMINAL PAIN
CONTRAINDICATIONS
-BRONCHIAL ASTHMA,GLAUCOMA
RELAXANTS OF UTERUS
-RITODRINE
-TERBUTALINE
-SALBUTEROL
-MAGNESIUM SULFATE
USED IN:
-DYSMENORRHEA
-PREMATURE BIRTH

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