NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI

NOIDA

E-CONTENT
COMPUTER SCIENCE CLASS XI
 LOGIC GATES
Digital electronic circuits operate with voltages of two logic levels namely Logic Low and Logic
High. The range of voltages corresponding to Logic Low is represented with ‘0’. Similarly, the
range of voltages corresponding to Logic High is represented with ‘1’.

The basic digital electronic circuit that has one or more inputs and single output is known
as Logic gate. Hence, the Logic gates are the building blocks of any digital system.
 LOGIC GATES

We can classify these Logic gates into the following three

categories.

▪ Basic gates
▪ Universal gates
▪ Special gates
 BASIC GATES

The basic gates are

AND gate
OR gate
NOT gate
 AND gate

An AND gate is a digital circuit that has two or more inputs and produces an
output, which is the logical AND of all those inputs. It is optional to represent the Logical
AND with the symbol ‘.’.

▪ The following table shows the AND gate and the truth table of 2-input AND gate.

A B Y = A.B

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1
 OR gate

An OR gate is a digital circuit that has two or more inputs and produces an
output, which is the logical OR of all those inputs. This logical OR is represented
with the symbol ‘+’.

A B Y = A.+ B

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1
 NOT gate

A NOT gate is a digital circuit that has single input and

single output. The output of NOT gate is the logical
inversion of input. Hence, the NOT gate is also called
as inverter. Truth Table

A Y = A’

0 1

1 0
 Universal Gates

NAND & NOR gates are called as universal gates

Because we can implement any Boolean function,

which is in sum of products form by using NAND
gates alone. Similarly, we can implement any
Boolean function, which is in product of sums form
by using NOR gates alone. ie We can implement any
gates using NAND or NOR gate.
 NAND gate
NAND gate is a digital circuit that has two or
more inputs and produces an output, which
is the inversion of logical AND of all those
inputs.
Truth table

A B Y= (A . B) ’
0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0
 NOR gate

NOR gate is a digital circuit that has two or more The following table shows the truth
inputs and produces an output, which is table of 2-input NOR gate
the inversion of logical OR of all those inputs.

A B Y = (A+B)’

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0
 Ex-OR gate

The full form of Ex-OR gate is Exclusive- The following table shows the truth table of
OR gate. Its function is same as that of OR 2-input Ex-OR gate.
gate except for some cases, when the inputs Therefore, the output of Ex-OR gate is ‘1’, when only
having even number of ones. one of the two inputs is ‘1’. And it is zero, when both
inputs are same.

A B Y = A⊙B

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1
 Ex-NOR gate

The full form of Ex-NOR gate is Exclusive-NOR gate. Its

function is same as that of NOR gate except for some cases, The following table shows the truth table of
when the inputs having even number of ones. Therefore 2-input Ex-NOR gate.
the output of Ex-NOR gate is ‘1’ , when both the inputs are
same, and is ‘0’ when the inputs are different.

A B Y = A⊙B

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1
………..THANK YOU……………..
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1. Computer Science Textbook for class XI

by NCERT
2. Computer Science with Python
by Sumitha Arora
3. Computer Science with Python
by Preeti Arora