Food Security

Fadhila Inas Pratiwi

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=zkyIDfglf2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rkE-gAUhBk
 The concept of food security
• food security as the condition when all people
have physical, social, and economic access to
sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets
their dietary needs and preferences for an active
and healthy life.
• Six commitments
• 1. ensure an enabling political, social, and
economic environment designed to create the
best conditions for the eradication of poverty
and for durable peace, based on full and equal
participation of women and men, which is
most conducive to achieving sustainable food
security for all.
• 2. implement policies aimed at eradicating poverty and inequality and improving
physical and economic access by all, at all times, to sufficient, nutritionally
adequate and safe food and its effective utilization.
• 3. pursue participatory and sustainable food, agriculture, fisheries, forestry and
rural development policies and practices in high and low potential areas, which are
essential to adequate and reliable food supplies at the household, national,
regional and global levels, and combat pests, drought and desertification,
considering the multifunctional character of agriculture.
• 4. strive to ensure that food, agricultural trade and overall trade policies are
conducive to fostering food security for all through a fair and market-oriented
world trade system.
• 5. endeavour to prevent and be prepared for natural disasters and man-
made emergencies and to meet transitory and emergency food
requirements in ways that encourage recovery, rehabilitation,
development and a capacity to satisfy future needs.
• 6. promote optimal allocation and use of public and private investments to
foster human resources, sustainable food, agriculture, fisheries and
forestry systems, and rural development, in high and low potential areas.
Global Food Insecurity
Various factors contributing to global food
insecurity
• Climate change and extreme weather events affecting agricultural productivity.
• Poverty and limited access to resources, including land, water, and credit.
• Conflict and political instability disrupting food production and distribution.
• Inadequate infrastructure and transportation systems.
Impact
Malnutrition and Health Poverty and Socioeconomic Impacts
• Malnutrition can manifest as • Food insecurity perpetuates the
undernutrition (e.g., stunting, cycle of poverty and exacerbates
wasting) or overnutrition (e.g., socioeconomic inequalities.
obesity, diet-related chronic
diseases). • Households spend a large portion of
their income on food, reducing
• Malnutrition weakens immune resources available for education,
systems, increases susceptibility to healthcare, and other essential
diseases, and hinders physical and needs.
cognitive development, particularly
in children. • Food insecurity can lead to
decreased productivity, limited
economic opportunities, and
increased vulnerability to economic
shocks.
Social and Political Stability Environmental Impact
• Food insecurity can contribute to • Unsustainable agricultural practices
social unrest, conflicts, and mass driven by food insecurity can have
migrations. adverse environmental
consequences.
• Scarce resources and competition
for food can lead to social tensions • Deforestation, soil degradation, and
and political instability, both at the excessive use of water and chemical
community level and on a larger inputs are often associated with
scale. intensified food production to meet
demands.
• Addressing food security is crucial
for promoting peace and stability in • Sustainable agricultural practices
vulnerable regions. and food systems are necessary to
mitigate environmental degradation
and promote resilience.
 Challenges on food productions
Climate Change
• Rising temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, and increased frequency of extreme
weather events (such as droughts, floods, and storms) affect agricultural productivity.
• Climate change disrupts crop growth cycles, reduces yields, and leads to increased pest
and disease pressures.
• Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns also impact the availability and quality
of water resources for irrigation.
Land Degradation and Soil Quality
• Deforestation, overgrazing, unsustainable land management practices, and soil erosion
contribute to land degradation.
• Degraded soils have reduced fertility, nutrient depletion, and diminished water-holding
capacity, leading to lower crop yields.
• Restoring soil health and implementing sustainable land management practices are
essential for maintaining food production capacity.
Water Scarcity and Irrigation Challenges
• Increasing water scarcity and competition for water resources pose
significant challenges to agricultural production.
• Inadequate irrigation infrastructure and inefficient water
management practices limit access to water for farming.
• Improving water-use efficiency and investing in sustainable irrigation
techniques are crucial for enhancing food production.
Pests, Diseases, and Crop Losses
• Pests, diseases, and invasive species can cause substantial crop losses
and reduce agricultural productivity.
• Climate change, globalization, and monoculture practices contribute
to the spread and emergence of new pests and diseases.
• Integrated pest management strategies, crop diversification, and
disease surveillance systems are vital for minimizing crop losses.
Technology and Innovation
• Advances in agricultural technology, such as precision farming,
biotechnology, and mechanization, can positively impact food
production.
• Efficient use of technology can increase yields, optimize resource
utilization, and improve resilience to environmental challenges.
• Access to appropriate technologies and knowledge transfer to
farmers are crucial for enhancing food production sustainably.
Achieving
Food Security
 Sustainable Agriculture
• Promote sustainable agricultural practices that enhance productivity, conserve
natural resources, and minimize environmental impacts.
• Encourage agroecology, organic farming, and integrated pest management to
reduce reliance on chemical inputs.
• Support small-scale farmers with access to training, technology, credit, and
markets.
Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience
• Develop climate-smart agricultural systems that can withstand the impacts of
climate change.
• Invest in climate-resilient crop varieties, irrigation systems, and soil
management practices.
• Enhance early warning systems and disaster preparedness to minimize the
impact of extreme weather events.
 Enhancing Infrastructure and Rural
Development
• Improve rural infrastructure, including transportation, storage, and
processing facilities, to reduce post-harvest losses and ensure efficient supply
chains.
• Invest in irrigation systems, water management infrastructure, and rural
electrification to enhance agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods.
Access to Markets and Trade
• Facilitate access to local, regional, and international markets for small-scale
farmers.
• Promote fair trade practices, reduce trade barriers, and provide market
information to farmers.
• Support value addition and agro-processing to increase the value of
agricultural products and enhance market opportunities.
 Social Safety Nets and Nutrition
Programs
• Establish and strengthen social safety nets, such as cash transfer programs and
food assistance, to provide a safety net for vulnerable populations during times
of food insecurity.
• Implement nutrition-sensitive programs that address malnutrition, especially
in women and children.
• Promote breastfeeding, nutrition education, and diversified diets for improved
nutrition outcomes.
Policy and Governance
• Develop and implement supportive policies, regulations, and incentives for
sustainable agriculture and food systems.
• Foster multi-stakeholder collaborations and partnerships involving
governments, civil society, private sector, and research institutions.
• Prioritize food security in national development plans and ensure coordination
among different sectors.
 Research and Innovation
• Invest in agricultural research and innovation to develop new technologies,
practices, and crop varieties that improve productivity, resilience, and
nutritional value.
• Support knowledge transfer, extension services, and farmer-to-farmer learning
to disseminate best practices and innovations.
Empowering Women and Rural Communities
• Ensure equal access to resources, services, and decision-making opportunities
for women in agriculture.
• Strengthen the role of rural communities in shaping policies and programs that
affect their food security.
• Promote gender-responsive approaches that address the specific needs and
challenges faced by women in agriculture.
What should we do
• National food security plans should be aligned with international
commitments, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
and the United Nations' Zero Hunger Challenge.
• Governments should develop trade policies that balance the
interests of domestic food producers and consumers while
ensuring access to affordable and diverse food supplies.
• Governments should also establish mechanisms to monitor and
manage food price volatility and market speculation.
• Collaboration with international organizations, such as the Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Food Programme
(WFP), and World Trade Organization (WTO), can facilitate
knowledge exchange, technical assistance, and capacity building.
• Governments should establish robust monitoring and evaluation
systems to track progress towards food security goals and targets.
• Regular assessments should be conducted to identify gaps,
measure impacts, and adjust policies and programs accordingly.
• Governments should be transparent and accountable in their
efforts to ensure food security, regularly reporting on their actions
and outcomes.
 Sustainable food systems

Sustainable food systems are those that ensure food security and nutrition
for present and future generations while protecting and enhancing the
natural resources, ecosystems, and biodiversity on which they depend.
Key Principles of Sustainable Food Systems

• Conservation and Sustainable Use of • Sustainable Agriculture

• Social Equity and Inclusivity • Policy and Governance

• Circular Economy and Waste