ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH

WRITING
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
The learner will be able to:
 Identify graphical representation of data in

different forms.
 Analyze and summarize the information in

written form in a logical sequence.

 Compose a clear and lucid analytical

paragraph in a grammatically correct

language using appropriate vocabulary.
ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH WRITING
It is the process of assigning meaning to the
collected information and determining the
conclusions, significance, and implications of
the findings or the data. The goal of the
interpretation of data is to highlight useful
information and suggest conclusions.
FEATURES OF AN ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH
1. An analytical paragraph is a form of
descriptive writing which is written on the basis
of a given chart, graph, data, outline, clues,
table etc. It requires analysis and comparison
of the given facts and drawing conclusion
based on the given data.
2. When writing an analytical paragraph, one
should remember to describe the facts in the
best possible manner and cover the
information provided.
3. The paragraph must use clear and crisp
language along with providing complete details
of the data provided in the question.
TYPES OF DATA REPRESENTATIONS-
BAR GRAPH- It is a chart with rectangular bars with lengths
proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be
plotted vertically or horizontally. Bar charts are used for plotting
discrete (or ‘discontinuous’) data which has discrete values and is
not continuous.
 Cumulative/Stacked Bar Graph is a graph that
is used to compare the parts to the whole.
The bars in a stacked bar graph are divided
into categories. Each bar represents a total.
LINE GRAPH- A line chart or line graph is a type of graph, which
displays information as a series of data points connected by
straight line segments. It is created by connecting a series of
points that represent individual measurements with line
segments. A line chart is often used to visualize a trend in
data over intervals of time – a time series – thus the line is
often drawn chronologically.
PIE CHART- A pie chart is a circular chart divided into sectors,
illustrating proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each
sector (and consequently its central angle and area), is
proportional to the quantity it represents. Together, the
sectors create a full disk. A doughnut chart (also spelt donut)
is functionally identical to a pie chart, with the exception of a
blank centre.
TABULAR DATA
 STRUCTURE
The paragraph must include the following: •

 Introduction/Topic Sentence- It introduces the reader to the

context of the graph or chart and describes in brief what the
graph is about.

 Body of the paragraph- It includes the details of the values or

figures and trends as depicted in the data presentation, making
comparisons and contrasts.

 Conclusion- It includes the overall view or summary of the

chart or graph and the information and ideas in general as
depicted by the data representation. It should be concluding in
nature and act as the closing statement.
POINTS TO BE KEPT IN MIND WHILE FRAMING THE BODY OF THE PARAGRAPH.

i. Organizing information:
a) You should look for the large differences that are very prominent. You can
mention the aspect which is the smallest or the largest in the data given.

b) Any aspects that are similar should be mentioned next.

c) You should further mention about the aspect that has remained unchanged
or constant throughout.

ii. Comparing information: If the chart mentions two or more different

aspects, refer to all of them in the analytical paragraph.

If there is any contrast or comparison that could be drawn, it must be

presented effectively.

If the chart is about a particular time period or highlights trends of several

years, mention each year in a concise manner.
If any comparison or contrast can be done for two or more years, you should
write about it too.
iii. Mentioning quantities: When including
numbers and figures, their accuracy must be
ensured. There are a number of ways that can
be used to describe quantities, for example-
percentage, fraction, ratios, etc.

iv. Connecting sentences: If different ideas are

there, you should use connectors or linking
phrases to link them logically.
The sentences of the paragraph should be
sequential and connected rationally.
Points to be kept in mind:

An analytical paragraph should-

 be brief and comprehensive but at the same time,
include complete information.
 state the facts that are provided.
 have simple and accurate language.
 mention figures and quantities appropriately.

 preferably use the passive form of the verb.

PLEASE NOTE- Any personal opinions, conclusions or

observations should be avoided but simply stick to the
facts. Choose wisely the important information, organize
it well, state the correct facts and summarize it properly
 VOCABULARY BANK

For introduction, phrases like the following can be used-

The chart given above describes…
The given table suggests…
The line graph shows…
The data given provides information about…
The pie chart illustrates…, etc.

For describing the pattern of growth, we can use words and phrases
like- ‘rapidly doubled’, ‘skyrocketed’, ‘striking increase’,
‘peaked/reached a peak’,
‘soared’, ‘declined’, ‘plummeted’, ‘levelled off’, ‘stagnated’,
‘fluctuating’ , ‘starting to rise’, ‘starting to fall’, ‘drop down’,
‘risen (gone down)gradually/steadily/sharply/steeply/’
‘reached maximum level’ ‘registered a sharp decline/downward
trend
‘remained constant/unchanged’ ‘has steadied’
 Mentioning quantities:
Quantities can be described in a number of
ways, such as percentage, fraction, ratios etc.

For describing quantities, we can also use

words and phrases like ‘one-third of’, ‘nearly
one-fourth of’, ‘majority’, ‘on an average’,
‘twice as much’, ‘almost equal’, ‘the highest’,
‘the lowest’, ‘approximately’, etc. •
 For reporting an increase
 rapidly doubled
 skyrocketed
 striking increase
 peaked/reached a peak
 soared
 Gone up/ shot up
 starting to rise
 risen gradually/steadily/sharply/steeply
 reached maximum level
 Has experienced/shown/displayed a rise

 For reporting a decrease:
 Plummeted
 levelled off
 Stagnated
 Fluctuating
 starting to fall
 Drop/ fallen/ gone down
 gone down gradually/steadily/sharply/steeply
 Registered/experienced a sharp decline/downward trend
 Has dropped from ….. to…..
 Has hit/touched/reached its minimum/lowest level/point…
 ‘remained constant/unchanged’ ‘has steadied’
 remained constant/unchanged’ ‘has steadied

 For talking about variations

 significant variations
 Displays various fluctuations
 Shows a zig-zag pattern

 For establishing relationship or contrast, we
can make use of words and phrases like-
‘similarly’, ‘in contrast with’, ‘ in comparison
to’, ‘however’, ‘whereas’, ‘as opposed to’,
‘while’, ‘a striking difference’, ‘a noticeable
difference’, ‘sharp contrast’, ‘many times
over’etc.

 For conclusion, we may use words and

phrases like ‘overall’, ‘subsequently’, ‘in all’,
‘in a nutshell’, ‘in short’, ‘therefore’, etc.
OTHER CONNECTORS
And, apart from this, as well as, in addition to
this, moreover, further, furthermore
unless
 Study the following line graph showing
activities undertaken by the elderly during
their leisure time. Write a paragraph after
analysing the data.
 LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY THE ELDERY
The graph above illustrates the percentage of the activities that were
undertaken by elderly people in their leisure time in the United States from
1980 to 2010. These activities include reading, hiking, visiting theatres,
watching TV or surfing the internet. Taking reading first, it is evident that
from 1980 to 2010 there were some fluctuations. Interest in Reading showed
a gradual increase to 40% from 1980 till 1990 but sharply plunged to 20%
from 1990 to 2000. Since then until 2010, reading habits underwent a steep
rise, and in 2010, 60% of the elderly displayed interest in reading. Turning to
hiking, it is noticeable that there was a stable increase, without any
fluctuations. It is important to say that in 2010 majority of people - 80 %,
were hiking in their free time. Visiting theatres decreased from 1980 to 1990
(50% and 30% respectively). Subsequently there was а slight increase and in
2010 reached 45%. On the other hand, watching television always interested
people. Between the years 1980 to 2000, it moved from 60% to 70% although
it declined to 65% viewership in 2010. Surfing the internet was an unpopular
activity in earlier years, until the beginning of the new century. Since then, it
showed a dramatic increase and in 2010 was marked with 50%. Overall, it can
be seen that there were a significant variations in activities elderly people
undertook in their leisure time. However, watching TV was the only activity
that was most popular all the time. Visiting theaters and reading, had various
fluctuations, but involvement in hiking and surfing the internet has
constantly increased during the years.
◦ 4
COMPARATIVE VIEWERSHIP OF REALITY AND GAME SHOWS

The given bar charts show the percentages of both genders and four different
age categories that watch reality and game shows in Australia. Comparatively,
more people enjoyed reality shows than game shows. More specifically, men
enjoyed game shows more, evidenced by a significant increase in the
percentage from 35% that watched reality shows to 62% that watched game
shows. On the contrary, women preferred reality shows to game shows as
there was a slight decrease of around 10% who watched reality shows to game
shows. Following the same pattern, people in the age category 25-34 years
had a significant decrease in percentage from 60% that watched reality shows
to 38% that watched game shows, just as those aged 34-44 years also
experienced the same drop in percentage from 66% to 42%. However, people
aged 16-24 years, 45years and above enjoyed both TV shows in the same
way, with a stable percentage of 52% and 68% respectively. Overall, gender
and age play a huge role in determining the popularity of reality shows
compared to game shows. Women are more interested in reality shows as
compared to men. Teenagers and young people seem to have an equal
interest in both. Among people in the age group of 25 to 44, reality shows are
more popular while people aged more than 45 show almost equal interest in
both.

◦
REGION DEFORESTAT OVER OVER TOTAL LAND
ION (% OF CULTIVATIO GRAZING (% DEGRADED
LAND N(% OF OF LAND (% )
AFFECTED) LAND AFFECTED)
AFFECTED)
North 0.2 3.3 1.5 5
America
Europe 9.8 7.7 5.5 23
Australia 1.6 0.3 11.3 12.9
CAUSES OF LAND DEGRADATION
The pie chart and the table show that there are four main causes of
farmland becoming degraded in the world today. As shown by the
pie chart, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing
and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively. A further
28% of global degradation is due to over-cultivation of crops. Other
causes account for only 7% collectively. These causes affected
different regions differently as indicated by the table, with Europe
having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation, while
the impact of this on Australia and North America was minimal, with
only 1.6% and 0.2% of land affected respectively. Europe, with the
highest overall percentage of land degraded (23%), also suffered
from over-cultivation (7.7%) and over-grazing (5.5%). In contrast,
Australia had 13.2% of degraded farmland and this was mainly due
to over-grazing (11.3%). North America had a lower proportion of
degraded land at only 5%, and the main causes of this were over-
cultivation (3.3%) and, to a lesser extent, over-grazing (1.5%).
Overall, it is clear that Europe suffered more from farmland
degradation than the other regions and the main causes there were
deforestation and over-cultivation.
 Global weather is warming leading to Arctic
meltdown. Study the following pie chart and
write a brief paragraph on factors affecting
global warming, in about 100 words.
CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING
In order to ascertain whether Tsering should be
made the captain or not, all points need to be
analysed. Rough work can be done as part of
the analysis, as indicated by the tables in the
next two slides. Then the analytical paragraph
can be written based on the analysis done.
PLEASE NOTE- The tables in the next two slides
are not to be made on the answer sheet and
are just to teach you how to do analysis before
finally writing the paragraph on the answer
sheet.
CHARACTER TRAITS IN SUPPORT IN OPPOSITION
Works hard to achieve
goals
Is less impulsive but
highly sensitive.
Believes in one for all
and all for one
Is an average
academic performer
Maintains disciplined
study routine
Exhibits good decision
making skills.
Helps the peers in
their difficulties-
academic or personal
CHARACTER TRAITS IN SUPPORT IN OPPOSITION

Works hard to Will work hard for the benefit

achieve goals of the school and students.

Is less impulsive but Will not take rash decisions. Being sensitive, he may be unable
highly sensitive. Will behave sensitively towards to take tough decisions. Decisions
various issues and not ignore may be in favour of students but
them. may effect the school. Sensitivity
may hinder leadership skills.

Believes in one for all Will promote mutual

and all for one cooperation, Inclusivity and
team work.

Is an average Is not a book worm and will not Bad role model; may cast a
academic performer mind taking out time for the negative influence as far as
school issues. academics is concerned.

Maintains disciplined Will be able to manage time The academic performance

study routine well and spare time for working suggests otherwise. It points
for the school towards possibility of lack of
clarity of concepts and
attentiveness.
Exhibits good decision Decisions will be taken after
making skills. giving deep thought and
taking all factors into
consideration.

Helps the peers in their Empathetic and helpful This trait is worthy of
difficulties- academic or nature; will show kind appreciation but the attempt
personal consideration for others’ to help others may take him
problems. away from his
responsibilities as a Captain.

Thrives only on appreciation Motivating factor to perform May focus on gaining

better as a Captain. appreciation rather than the
good of the school and
student community.

Focuses on excellent Actions and decisions will

outcome display effectiveness as
outcomes are kept in mind.
ANSWER
 As a responsible student voter, I believe Tesring possesses the
necessary traits to be an excellent School Captain. Her disciplined
study routine and hard work ethic indicate her ability to prioritize
and manage her time effectively. Tsering is less impulsive but
sensitive and focuses on the excellent outcome of tasks assigned
to her demonstrating good decision-making skills. Additionally,
her willingness to help peers in academic and personal (For 5 A &
B) Analytical paragraph writing 6 of 14 difficulties highlights her
empathetic and caring nature. Furthermore, Tsering believes in
the "One for all and all for one" policy, which is pivotal in fostering
a sense of community and promoting inclusivity in the school.
While she may be an average academic performer, her positive
attitude and desire for appreciation will motivate her in her pursuit
of excellence. For these reasons, I believe she has the potential to
be a good School Captain and I support her candidature.
ANSWER
The given information illustrates the options Gurmeet would weigh
in order to take the right decision about her admission in a public-
funded engineering college. With availability of strong curriculum,
quality faculty and vibrant Activity Clubs, she will be assured of an
enriching educational journey. Though hostel facility is unavailable,
she may take up accommodation in the suburbs or choose to travel
daily from her village. Good opportunities of practice-based
research, partnership with professional companies and international
students exchange program will enhance her professional and
interpersonal skills. Hard work, responsible behaviour and prudent
decision-making could help Gurmeet thrive in the college even
though it has a rigid and conventional culture.The strengths and
opportunities work in favour of Gurmeet. Taking this opportunity will
allow her to mend the incorrect public perception towards public-
funded colleges and students’ outlook towards technical subjects.
ANSWER
 A thorough analysis of the itinerary provided by the tour
organizing vendor reveals that the tour proposal should be
accepted. It is well-planned and includes an array of educational
activities for the students. The inclusion of visit to Bhawartal
Garden, Bhedaghat Dhuandhar Falls, Marble Rocks Cable car tour,
and Rani Durgavati Museum offers an opportunity for the
students to learn about nature, history, and art. The tour to
Kanha Tiger Reserve adds an element of adventure and allows
students to connect with wildlife. The provision of bottled
mineral water, insurance policy, and tour manager's assistance
ensures the safety and well-being of the students. Inclusion of a
DJ party adds to the entertainment, enjoyment and enthusiasm
quotient of the tour. The complimentary staff provided for every
twenty students further adds to the security of the students.
Therefore, the tour proposal for the educational trip should be
approved.
MAP SHOWING LITERACY RATE