INTRODUCTION TO

TOURISM
CHAPTER I
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:
• Discuss the four different perspective of tourism
• Explain the classification of travelers
• Describe the different types of tourism
• Discuss the components of tourism and tourism management.
DEFINITION OF TOURISM
 FOUR DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
TOURISM
1. The Tourist
2. The business providing tourist goods and services
3. The government of the host community or area
4. The host community
 TYPES OF TOURISM
1. International tourism 3. Domestic tourism: Visits by
residents of a country to their own
a. Inbound tourism: Visits to a
country
country by nonresidents
4. National tourism: Internal tourism
b. Outbound tourism: Visits by
plus outbound tourism (the resident
residents of a country to another
tourism market for travel agents,
country
airlines, and other suppliers)
2. Internal tourism: Visits by residents
and nonresidents of the country of
reference
 TYPES OF VISITORS
• Same-day visitors: Visitors • Tourists: Visitors who
who do not spend the night in
stay in the country
a collective or private
accommodation in the visited for at least one
country visited — for night-for example, a
example, a cruise ship visitor on a two-week
passenger spending four vacation.
hours in a port or day
trippers visiting an attraction.
COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION
OF TRAVELERS
MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF TRAVEL

• Wonder lust – it describes the • Sun lust – it denotes the kind of

desire to exchange the known for travel to enjoy more facilities or
the unknown, to discover new attractions not present in one’s
places, people and cultures. The own country. It generally prefer
strong force to travel of this adventure activities.
category is curiosity.
 BASIC TRAVEL MOTIVATORS
(R.W.MACINTOSH)
1. Physical motivators: This travel is made 3. Interpersonal motivators: Under this,
for physical relaxation and rest, sports and people travel with the purpose of meeting
special medical treatment or health care relatives or friends, or to escape from
etc. All of these motives are connected with one's family workmates or neighbors for
their bodily health and wellbeing. some time or to meet new people and
2. Cultural motivators: Increasing make new friends or simply to escape
numbers of people are visiting different from the monotonous everyday life.
land having cultural importance and 4. Status and prestige motivators: Under
curiosity have been major reasons for this, travel is made for personal
people to travel. Man is always curious to development, upgrading social status,
learn about foreign lands, people and their earning respect and honor etc.
culture.
 OTHER BASIC TRAVEL MOTIVATORS
a. Pleasure: People go out to travel for c. Health: Many people travel for health
pleasure, getting free from regular work purpose. The benefits gained from fresh air
of daily life, to pass time cheerfully, to and sunshine has long been recognized. The
enjoy and pass their time with romantic development of 'Health resort', 'Spas", have
experience. shown the growing importance of travel for
b. Relaxation, rest and recreation: health purpose in recent days.
Industrialization and urbanization have d. Participation in sports: There has been an
created great pressures on modern living. increasing participation in a wide variety of
Therefore, people go to travel to get away sporting activities such as mountaineering,
from crowded city life, polluted hiking, trekking, sailing, fishing etc. Some
environment, mental and physical people travel to play games and many of
tension and enjoy fresh environment of them travel to watch games.
peaceful places even for some time.
 OTHER BASIC TRAVEL MOTIVATORS
e. Curiosity and culture: These are connected h. Status and prestige: People travel
with the people's desire to travel in order to to achieve social respect, honor and
learn about other countries and their people
and their cultural heritage, art, cultural prestige.
aspects etc. i. Professional or business: People
f. Ethnic and family: Many people travel with engaged in different professions travel
purpose of meeting their family member's different foreign countries with the
friends and seeking new friendship
purpose of business, or take part in
g. Spiritual and religious: Visiting religious
international meeting, conventions,
places has been one of the earliest motives for
travel. A large number of people have been conferences and seminars.
making pilgrimages to religious places or holy
places.
 TYPES OF TOURISM
a. Mass tourism: Mass tourism is group travel to e. Recreational tourism: Recreational tourism is an
destination for purpose of leisure. It is the most popular activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time.
form of tourism as it is often the cheapest way to They need to do something for recreation which is
holiday and often sold as a package tour. an essential element of human biology and
b. Adventure tourism: Adventure tourism is the type of psychology. Recreational activities are often done for
tourism involving exploration or travel with perceived enjoyment, amusement or pleasure and are
risk and potentially requiring specialized skills and considered to be fun
physical exertion. There are three types of Adventure
tourism, land base, water base and air base.
c. Eco-tourism: Eco-tourism is responsible travel to f. Health/Medical tourism: Medical tourism is the
natural areas that conserves the environment and travel of people to another country for the purpose
improves the well-being of local people. of obtaining medical treatment in that country.
d. Sustainable tourism: Sustainable tourism is the Traditionally people would travel from less developed
concept of visiting a place as a tourist and trying to countries to major medical centers in highly
make only positive impaction the environment, society developed countries for medical treatment was
and economy. unavailable in their own communities.
 TYPES OF TOURISM
g. Convention tourism: A conference is the sense of meeting j. Cultural tourism: It is related to the tours to the
is a gathering of individuals who meet at an arranged place culturally rich sites. The main objective of this tourism is
and time in order to discuss or engaged in some common to provide the knowledge of the culture of the region.
interest. Convention tourism is the tourism activities
k. Historical tourism: Historical tourism is the tourism
operated by the representatives of different nations and
activities in which tourist can get different information
society. Different big hotels are used for this purpose.
and knowledge visiting historically importance places. In
h. Village and urban tourism: Village tourism is the tourism this tourism people generally visit museums and palaces.
activities in which village resources are fully utilized for the
maximum satisfaction of their customers. Urban tourism is 1. Domestic and International tourism: Domestic tourism
concerned with the city area. Big hotels and restaurants are focuses on the tourism within the country. It does not
developed to cater to the needs of luxury tourist. require visa formalities, and does not involve border
formalities. It generates local currency and no foreign
i. Ethnic tourism: This type of tourism is concerned with the
selling and organizing tours to visit indigenous society. Tour
income. On the other hand, international tourism is
operating organization takes their customers to visit the concerned with foreign national and it generates foreign
native people, their homes, and villages to understand their currency, which is the need of developing countries. It
customs and traditions. involves visa rules, border formalities and is more
complicated than the domestic tourism
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM &
TOURISM MANAGEMENT
• The Tourist: The very heart of the tourism
phenomenon model is unequivocally the tourists and
the travel experiences that they seek when visiting a
tourism destination.
• Natural Resources and Environment: A fundamental
dimension of the model indeed, the very basis of much
tourism is the natural resources and environment
component which has three component:
physiography, climate and the people.
• The Built Environment: Another dimension of the
tourism phenomenon is the built environment that
has been created by humans. This built environment
first includes the culture of the residents of the host
region and second, the infrastructure of a tourism
destination such as roads, sewage systems,
communication networks, and many commercial
facilities.
 NATURE OF TOURISM
1. Service nature
2. Here and there: Here and there
a. Perishability: Services are perishable and cannot be
stored. nature creates time gap and space
b. Heterogeneity: It is difficult to achieve standardization of gap. Point of sale and point of
output in services. Service producers may attempt to
ensure a standard of conformity, but ultimately it is delivery are located different place.
difficult to ensure the same level of output in terms of
quality.
3. Synchronized effort (joint effort):
c. Intangible: Services are essentially intangible and it is Government service agencies and
often not possible to taste, feel, see, hear or smell services
before they are purchased.
local must be unified to deliver
d. Service tourism service. Consumer and
e. Inseparability: Inseparability (also known as simultaneity) service staff are involved in
is used in marketing to describe a key quality of services
that distinguishes them from goods. It is very difficult to
producing travel experience.
separate a service from the service provider. They are
inseparable
 CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM
PRODUCT
• Intangible non-material • Tourism is an assemble
product product
• Tourism is a combination of • Tourism products are not
economic and non-economic storable
factors • Tourism is a parasite
• Ownership of tourism industry
product is non-transferable • Tourism business has unlimited
possibilities
 TOURISM VALUE CHAIN

ACCOMMODATION
AND TOURISM
TRAVEL AGENCY TRANSPORTATION ATTRACTION TRANSPORTATION
FOOD AND
BEVERAGE
 ANOTHER IMPORTANT COMPONENT
OF TOURISM
• Planning
• Development
• Promotion
• Catalyst Organization
 TYPES OF EXPERIENCE
1. Backpacking tourism: Backpackers experience 6. Yoga travel: Yoga, in itself, is deeply transformational
transformation by having more self-awareness, on social
issues such as cross-cultural awareness and as it connects body, mind and spirit with the self.
understanding global issues better. 7. Cultural and creative tourism: Cultural tourism can be
2. Volunteer tourism: This type of tourism is identified by most transformational as people experience awe for human
scholars as transformative via its altruistic motivation, cross-cultural
encounters and immersion with locals.
ingenuity in the presence of great art works or heritage
3. Educational travel/study abroad: Intense cultural exchange in buildings.
educational travel can trigger personal transformation leading to 8.Spiritual, retreat and religious tourism: Its
greater cross-cultural understanding and tolerance.
transformational potential relates to the motivation of
4. Eco-tourism/nature based tourism: Ecotourism offers sustainable
and challenging experiences of nature, making tourists more tourists to search for the deeper understanding of the
interconnected and conscious of their planet's natural system. self and meaning of life.
5. Extreme sports: Extreme sports are activities that can lead to serious 9. Rural and farm tourism: Rural and farm experiences
accident or death in the event of mistakes. Tourists who experience
this have increased humility, enhanced spirituality and personal offer the joy of a pure and simple way of life, making
growth. tourists more humbles and respectful of life.
 TYPES OF EXPERIENCE
10. Wellness and health tourism: The commentators on the transformative power
of tourism often identify health tourism as potentially ripe with transformational
opportunities.
11. Another factor of tourism as a transformational agent is seen in the multiplier
effect of tourism. Tourism not only creates jobs in the tertiary sector, it also
encourages growth in the primary and secondary sectors of industry especially
experienced by handicrafts, agriculture, fisheries and transport thereby allowing
them to flourish. This is known as the multiplier effect which in its simplest form is
how many times money spent by a tourist circulates through a country's economy.
THE END