TODAY’S LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 WHAT IS ALGEBRA?
 ALGEBRAIC TERMS
 MATCHSTICK TERMS AND USE OF VARIABLES IN COMMON RULES
 SOME EXPRESSIONS WITH VARIABLES
 EQUATION AND EXPRESSION
 SOLUTION OF AN EQUATION
 QUIZ
 HOMEWORK
WHAT IS ALGEBRA?

 Algebra is one of the broad areas of mathematics. In its most general form, algebra is the study of
mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols; it is a unifying thread of almost all of
mathematics. It is a branch of mathematics like geometry etc. In today’s class we are going to study
different topics about algebra. Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with symbols and the
arithmetic operations across these symbols. It is said that algebra as a branch of Mathematics began about
1550 BC, i.e. more than 3500 years ago, when people in Egypt started using symbols to denote unknown
numbers. Around 300 BC, use of letters to denote unknowns and forming expressions from them was quite
common in India. Many great Indian mathematicians, Aryabhatt (born 476AD), Brahmagupta (born 598AD),
Mahavira (who lived around 850AD) and Bhaskara II (born 1114AD) and others, contributed a lot to the study
of algebra. They gave names such as Beeja, Varna etc. to unknowns and used first letters of colour names [e.g.,
ka from kala (black), nee from neela (blue)] to denote them. The Indian name for algebra, Beejaganit, dates back
to these ancient Indian mathematicians. The word ‘algebra’ is derived from the title of the book, ‘Aljebar w’al
almugabalah’, written about 825AD by an Arab mathematician, Mohammed Ibn Al Khowarizmi of Baghdad.
. ALGEBRAIC TERMS
The symbols do not have any fixed values
and are called variables. In our real-life
problems, we often see certain values that
keep on changing. But there is a constant
need to represent these changing values.
Here in algebra, these values are often
represented with symbols such as x, y, z,
p, or q, and these symbols are called
variables. Further, these symbols are
manipulated through various arithmetic
operations of addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division,
with an objective to find the values. Fixed
value is known as constant and unknown
quantity that keeps on changing is called
as variable
A term is A term can be a number, a

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variable, product of two or more
variables or product of number and a
variable. An algebraic expression is
 MATCHSTICK PATTERNS
We all play with matchsticks.
Now, today we are going to learn
some concepts from matchsticks.
First tell how many matchsticks
How many matchsticks are used in the
are used in the given pattern
above pattern?
below. No. of matchsticks used in 1 C =3
There are 2 matchsticks used in No. of matchsticks used in m C’s= 3m
pattern L. The rule or the formula 4 C’s= 3*4
for =12
the pattern can be:- Without counting the number of
matchsticks we can know the number
No. of matchsticks used in 1 L= 2
of matchsticks used.
No of matchsticks used in n L= 2n
USE OF VARIABLES IN COMMON RULES
Let’s remind the formulas.
Perimeter of rectangle- 2(l+b)
or BC. Therefore, Perimeter of a rectangle=
Perimeter of square- 4s
length of AB + length of BC + length of CD +
Perimeter of equilateral triangle-3s
length of AD = 2 × length of CD + 2 × length
Did you observed variables in these formulas.
of BC = 2l + 2b The rule, therefore, is that the
We put the values and take out the solution.
perimeter of a rectangle = 2l + 2b where, l and
Perimeter of square:-= Sum of the
b are respectively the length and breadth of the
lengths of the sides of the square = 4 times the
rectangle. Discuss what happens if l = b. If we
length of a side of the square = 4 × l = 4l.
denote the perimeter of the rectangle by the
The use of the variable l allows us to write the
variable p, the rule for perimeter of a rectangle
general rule in a way that is concise and easy to
remember We may take the perimeter also to be
becomes p = 2l + 2b.
represented by a variable, say p. Then the rule for  Rules in arithmetic
the perimeter of a square is expressed as a relation  Commutativity of addition of two numbers
between the perimeter and the length of the square, p We know that 4 + 3 = 7 and 3 + 4 = 7 i.e. 4 + 3 = 3
= 4l + 4. Let a and b be two variables which can take any
Perimeter of a rectangle- We know that a rectangle number value. Then, a + b = b + a
has four sides. For example, the rectangle ABCD has  Distributivity of numbers Suppose we are asked
four sides AB, BC, CD and DA. The opposite sides of to calculate 7 × 38. We obviously do not know
any rectangle are always equal in length. Thus, in the the table of 38. So, we do the following: 7 × 38 =
rectangle ABCD, let us denote by l, the length of the 7 × (30 + 8) = 7 × 30 + 7 × 8 = 210 + 56 = 266
sides AB or CD and, by b, the length of the sides AD a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
  Equation
An equation is a statement that asserts the equality of
two expressions, which are connected by the equals
sign "=”
Always remember that there is an = sign in equation
as the both sides are equal.
LHS=RHS
 Expression Expressions What is expressed?
An expression is a combination of terms that are
(a) y + 5 5 added to y
combined by using mathematical operations such as
subtraction, addition, multiplication, and division. (b) t – 7 7 subtracted from t
(c) 10 a a multiplied by 10
(d) 2 y – 5 (c) 10 first
a y multiplied by 2,
then 5 subtracted from
the product

What is expressed? Expressions

(a) 12 subtracted from z z - 12

Here are some examples of expression and equation
below:- (b)n multiplied by 2 2n-1
and 1 subtracted from
the product
 Solution of an equation
The value of the variable in an 5n=135
n= 135/5
equation which satisfies the
n= 27
equation is called a solution to the Why we divided not subtracted,
equation. Thus, n = 5 is a solution multiplied and added it?
to the equation 2 n = 10. Note, n = So, now we can find out the values.
6 is not a solution to the equation Find the value of l.
2n = 10; 2l + 3 = 7
2l= 7-3
because for n = 6, 2n = 2 × 6 = 12
21= 4
and not 10. l= 4/2
Also, n = 4 is not a solution. Tell, l= 2
why not??
5n=135 . Find the value of n.
Quiz
 The value of x in the given equation: 4x+10=30

a) 5
b) 2
c) 6
d) 4
Quiz
 The value of x in the given equation: 4x+10=30

a) 5
b) 2
c) 6
d) 4
Correct option= 5
4x= 30-10
4x= 20
x= 20/4
x=5
Quiz
 Look at the following equation and choose the correct answer when the brackets
have been expanded: 4(a + 3) = 5(b - 8) :
a)4a+12=5b+40
b) 4a-12=5b-40
c) 4a+12=5b-40
d)4a-12=5b+40
Quiz
 Look at the following equation and choose the correct answer when the brackets
have been expanded: 4(a + 3) = 5(b - 8) :
a)4a+12=5b+40
b) 4a+3=5b-8
c) 4a+12=5b-40
d)4a-12=5b+40
Correct option= (c)
Quiz
 If 5(x + 2) = -35, what is the value of x?
a) -5
b) -9
c) -10
d) 10
Quiz
 If 5(x + 2) = -35, what is the value of x?
a) -5
b) -9
c) -10
d) 10
Correct answer:- b)
5x+10=-35
5x= -35-10
5x= -45
x= -45/5
x= -9
Quiz
 If 16(a + 7) = 128, what is the value of a?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Quiz
 If 16(a + 7) = 128, what is the value of a?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Correct solution:- a)
16a+112= 128
16a= 128-112
16a= 16
a= 26/16
a= 1
HOMEWORK

 Practice all the exercises in notebook of ch 11 Algebra.

 Find the value of x:-
a) 2(x + 5) = 44
b) 2(x - 3) = 4x – 1
Q Evaluate 3(n-5)+2n when n is -1