PATHEIN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DESIGN CALCULATION OF PISTON FOR 25HP SINGLE CYLINDER
DIESEL ENGINE
TITLE DEFENCE
22.1.2024
Supervisor Presented by
U Saw Ba Tin Mg Zaw Min Htet
Ⅵ .Mech-10
Outline of presentation
Introduction
Aim and objectives
Scope of thesis
Implementation program
Types of piston
The main parts of piston
Materials for piston
Outline of thesis
Design requirements of piston
Future plan
1. Introduction
A piston is a moving disk enclosed in a cylinder which is made
gas-tight by piston rings.
A piston aids in the transformation of heat energy into mechanical
work and vice versa.
The main function of the piston of an internal combustion engine is
to received the impulse from the expanding gas and to transmit the
energy to the crankshaft through the connecting rod.
It provide the compressed air by moving up and down in the
compressor cylinder.
It is a carrier for air and oil sealing elements (the piston rings).
2. Aim and objectives
To understand the function and operation of piston in Diesel engine.
To understand the theory and requirements of piston design
calculation.
To understand the effect of piston shaped and material on the stresses
developed in the piston.
To calculate the design parameters of piston (Jiang dong JD 1115
25HP)
Optimization of piston head design and comparison with analytical
results.
3. Scope of thesis
Piston features include the piston head, piston pin, skirt, ring grooves,
ring lands, and piston rings.
The goal is to define clear objectives for the piston design, such as
calculating the design parameters of piston since the correct design
and dimensions may improving combustion efficiency, reducing
friction and wear, enhancing durability, and optimizing weight to
power ratio.
Investigating various materials used in piston manufacturing,
evaluating their physical properties, thermal behavior, and cost-
effectiveness to identify the most suitable material for the desired
performance characteristics.
4. Implementation program
Studying the operation, performance, types of the materials and the
parts of the piston.
Studying to explore different manufacturing techniques used in piston
production, such as casting, forging, or additive manufacturing.
Considering and calculation the design of the piston for 25 HP single
cylinder diesel engine.
5. Types of piston
Ⅰ. Flat-top piston
A flat top piston is a type of engine piston that has a flat surface on the
top.
The advantages of using a flat top piston include increased
compression ratio, improved combustion efficiency, and better power
output.
Flat-top pistons can be easier to manufacture and may be more cost-
effective compared to other piston designs.
Ⅱ. Dome piston
Instead of a flat top it has a dome that looks like the top of a
dome stadium.
This added volume increases the compression ratio and
therefore should increase performance.
That piston can create slow burning, inefficient combustion
chambers.
Ⅲ. Dish piston
This piston has a bowl- or dish- shaped top.
This piston is used to reduce compression ratio because of
the increase in volume to the chamber.
It can be used in turbocharged or supercharged engines to
help avoid detonation.
6. The main parts of the piston
1. Piston Rings
2. Piston Pin
3. Piston Skirt
4. Piston Head
5. Connecting Rod
6. Piston Bearings
7. Connecting Rod Bolt
7. Materials for pistons
The most common used materials for piston in IC engines
are cast iron, cast aluminum, forged aluminum, cast steel and
forged steel.
Aluminum alloys are about three time lighter than cast iron,
therefore its mechanical strength is good at low temperature.
Advantages of cast iron are good sliding properties, high
abrasion resistance and hardness in high temperature and
coefficient of thermal expansion.
Disadvantages are high density and small coefficient of heat
conduction.
8. Outline of thesis
There are five chapters in this thesis. Chapter one includes
introduction, aim and objective, scope of thesis and outline of
thesis. Literature review for piston is expressed in chapter two.
Chapter three is the design and theory of piston for 25 HP single
cylinder Jiangdong diesel engine. Then calculation of piston
described in chapter four. Finally, conclusion, discussions and
recommendations of the thesis are described in chapter five.
9. Requirements of the piston
It should have enormous strength to withstand the high gas pressure
and inertia forces.
It should have minimum mass to minimize the inertia forces.
It should for an effective gas and oil sealing of the cylinder.
It should provide sufficient bearing area to prevent undue wear.
It should disperse the heat of combustion quickly to the cylinder walls.
It should be of sufficient rigid construction to withstand thermal and
mechanical distortion.
It should have sufficient support for the piston pin.
10. Future plan
To study the function and operation of piston in single cylinder
Diesel engine.
To find research papers related to piston design.
To study the theoretical calculation of piston design.
To prepare for examination and internship program that can
support thesis.
To prepare Microsoft word files for chapters and further
seminars.
Thank you
