To provide the MS 1
ROTC Cadets the knowledge
and develop their skill in
map reading and to impart to
them the importance of map
information in the future
planning.
Definition, Importance and
Caring of Map
Categories and uses of Maps
Marginal Information
Colors used on a Mil Map
Grid Coordinates
Scale and Distance
Directions
MAP- is a graphic
representation of the
earth’s surface or part of
it, drawn into scale as
seen from above.
A map can give accurate
information.
It becomes more & more
necessary to rely upon maps.
By necessity, planning must
be done on maps.
Adequate supply of maps.
• Protect fm water, mud & tearing.
• Map should be carried in
waterproof cases, in pocket or in
place where it is handy for use.
• If you put a mark on a map, use
of pencil.
• Use light lines so they maybe
erased easily without
smearing and smudging, or
leaving marks that may later
cause confusion.
• Should be folded properly.
ACCORDING TO SCALE
Scale - is expressed as a
fraction and gives the ratio of map
distance to the ground distance.
Small Scale
Medium Scale
Large Scale
Types of Maps
Planimetric map
Topographic map
Photomap
Joint operations
graphics
Photomosaic map
Types of Maps
Terrain model
Military city map
Plastic relief map
Special maps
Military Use
General map
Strategic map
Strategic-Tactical map
Tactical map
Artillery map
Situation map
Sheet Name
Sheet Number
Series Name
Scale
Serial Number
Edition Number
Index to Boundaries
Adjoining Sheet Diagram
Elevation Guide
Declination Diagram
Bar Scale
Contour Interval Note
Spheroid Note
Projection note
Serial Number
Example: S701
S – word series
7 – scale of the map as follows;
8 – 1:25,000, 7 – 1: 50,000
6 – 1:100,000
0 – Sub-geographical area as follows;
0 – Philippines 1 – Luzon
2 – Visayas 3 – Panay
4 – Sulu 5 – Mindanao
Black – man-made objects
Blue – drainage/bodies of
water
Brown – relief & elevation
Green –vegetation
Red – roads, built-up
areas and special
features.
Reddish-Brown – cultural
features, all relief
features and elevation
Grid Square
Grid Coordinate scales
Determining grids
Precision
Representative Fraction (RF)
Example is as shown:
The map scale is 1:50,000 or
RF = 1/50,000
The map distance from point A
to B is 5 units
5 x 50,000 = 250,000 units of
ground distance
Comparison with the Ground distance
Example: 1/X, RF = 1/X = MD/GD
MD = 4.32 centimeters
GD = 2.16kms (216,000 cms)
1 4.32 4.32X = 216,000
RF
X 216,000 4.32 4.32
X =50,000
RF = 1/X = MD/GD
Ex: MD = GD/Denominator of RF
GD = 2,200 meters
RF = 1:50,000
MD = 2,200/50,000
= 0.044 mtr x 100 (cm in a mtr)
= 4.4 centimeters
Graphic (Bar) Scales
Secondary Scale Primary Scale
Meters 1000 0 1 2 3 4 5 Kilometers
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 Substitute Miles
1 ½ 0 1 2 3 Nautical miles
Transferring map distance to paper strip
Measuring straight-line map distance
Measuring curved lines
Method of expressing Directions
Degree – the most common unit
of angular measure.
Mil – used in arty, tank & mortar
gunnery.
Grad – a metric unit of measure
found on some foreign
maps.
Base Lines
True North
Magnetic North
Grid North GN or Y
Azimuths - is a horizontal angle,
measured in a clockwise manner
fm a north base line.
Back Azimuth – reverse direction
ADD 180 AZIMUTH IS 180
O- O
OR LESS. SUBTRACT 180O -
AZIMUTH IS 180O OR MORE.
0 or 360O
295 O
Ba
Az
ck
Azi
im
mu
th
ut
h
270O 90O
115 O
180O
Method of Locating Points
o Intersection
o Resection
o Polar Plot
o Modified resection
