BRIDGES

BRIDGES
• Bridge is a structure providing passage over a
obstacles without closing the ways.
• The passage may be a valley, road, river, body
of water, or any other physical obstacle.
Components of Bridge
Classification of
Bridges

Based on material
As per alignment
As per location of bridges
Purpose
Acc. To type of super structure
Acc. To HFL

Acc. To type of span

Acc. To span length

Acc. To navigation
facilities

Acc. To
loading
1. Timber Bridge: 2. Stone
Masonry Bridge

SO
3.RCC Bridge 4. Steel Bridge

SOURCE: IMAGES
5. Prestressed concrete 6. Composite Bridge
Bridge

Pamban road bridge- tamilnadu

1. Straight Alignment:
When the
alignment of bridge is
perpendicular to the
centre line of a river,
it is called straight
bridge.

2. Skew Bridge:
When the
alignment of a bridge is
not perpendicular to the
centre line of river, is
called Skew Bridge.
1.Deck Bridge:
When the bridge flooring is
provided at the top of the super
structure, it is called deck bridge.

SOURCE:
2. Through Bridge:
When bridge
flooring is provided
at thethe
bottom of the
super structure, it called
is Through Bridge.
Chaotianmen Bridge -china

3. Semi-Through Bridge:
When the flooring
is located at some
intermediate level in the
super structure, it
called is Semi-
Bridge. Through
Bayonne Bridge-new york
1. Aquaduct:
It is small bridge
constructed over a stream which remains
dry for most part of the year is called
aquaduct.

SOURCE:
2. Viaduct:
It is a long continuous
structure which carries a
road or railway like bridge
over dry valley composed of
a series of spans trestle
bents instead of solid piers.
Panval Viaduct, India
3. Grade separator:
When two roads
crosses each other and Koyambedu
there is
considerable differences in grade
their formation level, a separator,
bridge structure is Tamilnadu,
constructed , which is known
as grade separator. India.

4. Highway Bridge:
It is constructed on a Eastern
roadway for the movement Peripheral
of vehicles. Expressway
India
5. Railway Bridge
It is constructed for
the railway.

6. Foot Bridge
A foot bridge is a bridge
exclusively used
for carrying pedestrians,
cycles and animals.

7. Pipe Bridge
It is used to support
pipeline for water,
gas, oil, etc.
1. Slab Bridge:
When the span of
bridge is 3 to 6m, slab
bridge is used, It is also
called culvert.

2. Girder bridge:
When the span of
a bridge is more,
flooring is supported
on RCC or steel girder.
Such type of bridge
is called girder
bridge.
3. Truss Bridge

When the flooring of a bridge is supported

over steel trusses it is called truss
Normally such type of bridge. bridges
railways. are used for

SOURCE:
4. Suspension Bridge:
Suspension consists of sets of
cables hanging in a curve from which the
bridges
roadway is supported.
A flooring load is suspenders
transferred and cables to the
piers.

Narmada bridge
5. Arch Bridge:
In such bridge the weight of
type is transferred
flooring of to the piers through the
arch. the floor is suspended trough
beam hangers from
arch.

SOURCE:
1.Submersible bridge or
causeway:
A causeway is a
pucca road
dip which allows
floods to pass over it. It may
or may not have openings or
vents for low water to flow.

2. Non-Submersible bridge:
In this types of
bridge formation level is
kept above the HFL, so
that maximum flood does
not affect the traffic on
the bridge.
1. Simply supported Bridge:
When the bridge girders are simply
supporte on piers, it is known simply
supported
d bridges. as
2. Continuous Bridge:
When the structure of a bridge is
continuous
super over more than two supports, it is
called continuous bridge.

Glenn L. Jackson Memorial Bridge,USA

3. Cantilever bridge:
A cantilever bridge is formed of cantilevers
projecting from the supporting piers. The ends
of a cantilever bridges are treated as fixed.

Forth Bridge,
United Kingdom, Edinburgh,

4. Balanced cantilever bridge:

A balanced cantilever bridge consists
of spans simply supported over cantilever.
1. Culvert - span up to 6m.
2. Minor bridge – span 6 to 30m.
3. Major bridge – span 30 to 120m.
4. Long span bridge – span above 120m.
1. Swing bridge:
In swing bridge a central pier is
case with
provided of suitable bearing or rollers. The
super structure consists of a pair of steel
trusses and it can be rotated in a horizontal
plan about vertical axis.

Lake Okeechobee
LAKE, FLORIDA, UNITED STATES
2. Bascule bridge:
In case of bascule bridge, the entire
structure is rotated in a vertical plane about a
horizontal axis.

Lowestoft
3. Traverser bridge:
In case of traverser bridge, it is so
arranged that the whole bridge can fully or partially
be rolled forward or backward across the openings.

4. Lift bridge:
In this type of bridge the truss is lifted up.

5. Transporter bridge:
In case of transporter bridge, a moving cage is
suspended from an overhead truss with the help of
cable or wire ropes.
1. Temporary bridge:

a. pontoon bridge- KUMBH MELA

b. boat bridge : COLKATA-RABINDRANATH SETU
c. flying bridge- West India Quay
London, UK
2. Permanent bridge:
a. RCC bridges
b. Masonry bridges -Rajasthan
c. Steel bridges : Surat tapti river
1. Class AA bridge – Narmada cable bridge
2. Class A bridge
3. Class B bridge
Carriage way -Bridge
 Shoulder
 Shoulders are the parts of the formation width except
carriage ways.
 In other words, shoulder is the part of the pavement
which is non-surfaced.
 They are used by the vehicular traffic as the emergency
lanes or sometimes as the service lanes for the
repairing of the non-expected problems.
 IRC recommends a minimum value 2.5 m for the
shoulders for two lane rural roads.
 A width of 4.6 m is recommended so that a truck can
be accommodated without interfering with the
adjacent lane.
 Kerb
 Kerbs indicate the boundary between the carriage way
and the shoulder or islands or footpaths.
 Kerb is a line of stone or concrete forming an edge
between a pavement and a roadway, so that the
pavement is some 15 cm above the level of the road
 Footpaths
 Footpaths are exclusive right of way to pedestrians,
especially in urban areas.
 They are provided for the safety of the pedestrians.
 Minimum width is 1.5 meter and may be increased
based on the traffic.
 Median Barrier
 The median strip or central reservation is the reserved
area that separates opposing lanes of traffic on divided
roadways.
 It may accommodate decorative landscaping, trees, a
median barrier or railway, light rail or streetcar lines.
 A minimum of 1.5m width should be provided.
 CAMBER
Camber or cant is the
cross slope provided to
raise middle of the road
surface in the transverse
direction to drain off rain
water from road surface.
 Culverts
 A culvert is a structure that allows water to flow
under a road, railroad, trail, or similar obstruction
from one side to the other.
 A culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced
concrete, Steel, stone arch, or other material.
 Length of culvert is less than 6m.