BK2003

BASIC KNOWLEDGE
OF
HYDRAULIC SEALS

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Module 3: After attending the Basic Knowledge of Seals
Courses:-

The trainees will be able to:

 clarify the knowledge of hydraulic seals.
 will clarify the hydraulic seals and their related functions,
systems, operation.

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1.0 Oil Seals

• Oil seals are designed to have the functions to prevent oil or water
leaking from the end of a rotating shaft, or dust and water ingressing
from the outside.
• Since oil seals are light and compact, and stable, seal ability can be
obtained.
• They are used in various fields including automobiles, two wheeled
vehicles, construction machinery and farm machinery.

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 1.0.1 Oil Seals
Seals are used in moving parts and static parts, and are
categorized as following: -
SEALING COMPONENTS

Seal for Moving Parts Seal for Static Parts

Reciprocal movement Rotating movement

Lip Packing Squeeze Packing

Oil seal
Mechanical Seal
U-Packing O ’Ring
V-Packing D’ Ring

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1.0.2 Examples of static and dynamic Seals

Static Seals Dynamic Seals

O’ Ring Dust Seal

Square Ring Backup Ring

Metal Gasket Shaft Seal
Rubber coated metal gasket Buffer Ring
Paper Gasket O’ Ring
Rubber Gasket

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1.0.3 Uses of Seals
 used in two main application.

Static Seal

Dynamic Seal
Uses of hydraulic seals
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1.1 Major characteristics sealing materials
Most seals used rubber and non-rubber materials for special
applications Teflon and Polyethylene are used.
1.1.1 Type and application standards of rubbers

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1.1 Major characteristics sealing materials Contd.
1.1.1 Type and application standards of rubbers

1.1.2 Type and application standards of non-rubbers

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2.0 HYDRAULIC SEALS
 To hold the fluid under pressure in the system, hydraulic circuit cannot
operate without the proper seals.

1.Cup Packing 4. V Packing 7. Compression Packing

2. Flange Packing 5. Spring Loaded Lip Seal 8. Mechanical Seal
3. U Packing 6.O Ring 9.Non Expanding Metallic Seal
10. Expanding Metallic Seal
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2.1 Types of hydraulic seals

1.Cup Packing 2. Flange Packing

Example in water pump bucket Example in piston rod-end flange

3. U Packing 4. V Packing
Example in pump shaft Example in pump shaft and
valve spindle rod
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2.1 Types of hydraulic seals

5. Spring Loaded Lip Seal 6.O Ring

Example in rotating engine shaft Example in piston rod end seal

7. Compression Packing
Example in flange ends, 8. Mechanical Seal
rods seals, cylinder seals Example in water pump shaft
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2.1.1 Standard-type oil seal

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2.1.2 Special-type oil seal

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2.1.2 Special-type oil seal contd.

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3.0 What are lip packings?

U packings are used as an example of description. As its name

suggests, a U packing is a general term describing a packing with a
U-shaped groove as in figure. This packing has an inner lip “A” and
outer lip “B”.
Example of U-packing

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3.1 U & V packings

 Dynamic seals for pistons rod ends of cylinder & pump shafts.

U- Ring Packing V- Ring Packing

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3.2 What are squeeze packings?

This type of packing applies a rubber-like elastic object onto the

sealed surface.

Example of “O” ring Example of combined seal

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4.0 Cylinder Seals

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4.1 Cylinder Seal Kit In Excavator

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4.2 Seals and Oil-rings in a hydraulic cylinder

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4.2 Seals and Oil-rings in a hydraulic cylinder contd.

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4.3 Cylinder Seals Types and Locations

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4.3 Cylinder Seals Types and Locations Contd.

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4.3 Cylinder Seal Contd.

Piston rod and piston seal

Wear Ring

Wiper Seal
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4.4 Standard Symbols of Seal
‘O’ Ring
1.OR
Buffer Ring
1.HBY 2.ORG
2.HBK 3.ORP
3.STEEP
4.ORBS
4.HBI
5.OR1BG
6.OR1BP

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4.4 Standard Symbols of Seal Contd.

Reciprocal movement for Piston and Shaft

U-Packing V-Packing
USH VPK
UPH
UPO

Reciprocal movement Oil Seal

• TB4
• TC4
• SVY

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4.4 Standard Symbols of Seal Contd.

Backup Ring Dust Seal

1.BRTG Material case Metal case material

2.BRT
1.LBH 1.DKBI
3.BRT2
2.SDR 2.DKB
4.BRTP
3.SCK 3.DKI
4.DSI 4.DWK
Shaft Seal 5.LPIY 5.DKIY
1.IDI 6.DWI
2.ISI
3.IUH

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4.5 Some Examples of Seals Symbols Used

Main Seal Wear Ring Backup Ring

1.D.Seal 1.WR 1.BRT(Green)
2.SPG 2.CWR
3.OK
4.SPGW
5.ODI
6.OSI

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4.6 Cylinder failures related to bad seals and oil rings.

1. External Leakage – through rod seals, wiper.

2. Internal Leakage – through piston seals, wear rings.
3. Creeping of Cylinders – due to internal leakages.
4. Sluggish Operation – wear of cylinder walls, piston seals, wear rings.
5. Lack of Lubrication – leakages, hydraulic oil contaminations.
6. Abrasives on Piston Rod – rod seals leakage, hydraulic oil contaminations.
7. Burrs on Piston Rod – abrasives on piston rod, external collations.

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5.0 Oil Seals in a Typical Engine Application

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6.0 What is an O-Ring?
An o-ring has two characteristics, geometry (shape) and material. These
two characteristics will dictate how an o-ring will perform in a given
application.
The geometry of the o-ring is defined by two primary dimensions, the
inner diameter (I.D.) and the cross section diameter (C.S.). The outer
diameter (O.D.) is defined by the I.D. and C.S. dimensions.

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6.1 The Types of Seals
O-Rings
 used in both static & hydraulic applications.
 in dynamic use, o-ring are not used where they must cross openings or pass
corners under pressure. Not are they used on rotating shafts because of wear
pressure.
O-Ring Bore

Groove

Incorrect: No Rolling Action

Piston

Correct: Rolling Action

O-ring in Dynamic Use
O-rings
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6.3 When an O-ring Is Installed

Part
Force

O-Ring
Properly
Squeezed

O-Ring Sealing
Between Moving
Parts

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6.4 O-Ring installation steps.
i. Make sure the new O-ring is the correct size.
ii. Clean the area where the O-ring is to be installed thoroughly.
iii. Inspect the O-ring grooves or notches for burrs or nicks which could
damage the new ring.
iv. Check the shaft or spool (if used) for sharp edges or nicks.
v. Before installation, lubricate the O-ring with the same type of fluid used
in the part or system.
vi. Install the O-ring . Protect it from sharp edges and other parts. Do not
stretch it more than necessary.
vii. Be sure the parts are correctly aligned before mating to avoid damage to
the O-ring.
viii.Make a final check after the O-ring is installed to be sure there are no
leaks and that the parts more correctly.

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6.5 Some Typical Cause of O-ring Failure

Worn O-Ring:
Lack of Lubrication Twisted O-Ring:
Installed Wrong

Flattened O-Ring:
Used of Low Grade Rings

Cut O-Ring
Shaft Damage or Installed Wrong

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6.5 Some Typical Cause of O-ring Failure Contd.

Cracked O-Ring:
Too Much Heat

Dirty O-Ring:
Poor Storage or Contaminated System

Swollen O-Ring:
Use of Wrong Fluid

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 7.0 Mechanical Seals
Mechanical seals are used as DUO-CONE SEAL.

Duo-Cone seals are a very special type of seal. The seal is made
to keep large amounts of dirt out of a component and to keep
lubricants in.

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 7.0 Mechanical Seals
The seal is made of two round toric rings (generally made of rubber)
and two metal rings. The toric rings are installed on the metal ring
grooves.

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7.0 Mechanical Seals
The rubber rings hold the metal rings together to from a seal. They
also make a cushion for the metal seal rings when the seal has
movement. The cushion of the rubber rings keep the sealed faces
in alignment for all shaft conditions during operation.

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7.1 Usage of Mechanical Seals

Track Rollers

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7.1 Usage of Mechanical Seals Contd.

Seals in the Final Drives of Bulldozers, Wheel Loaders, ..etc.

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Thank You

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