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Lecture 16

The document discusses nodal analysis, which is a method for analyzing electrical circuits. It provides 3 key steps: 1. Identify all nodes and select a reference node, usually one connected to many elements or voltage sources. 2. Write a Kirchhoff's Current Law equation for each non-reference node equating the sum of currents in and out. 3. Solve the system of equations to determine the unknown nodal voltages. An example is worked through to find the current through a resistor. Nodal analysis can be used to analyze any circuit where the node voltages are unknown.

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Ahsan Farooq
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47 views

Lecture 16

The document discusses nodal analysis, which is a method for analyzing electrical circuits. It provides 3 key steps: 1. Identify all nodes and select a reference node, usually one connected to many elements or voltage sources. 2. Write a Kirchhoff's Current Law equation for each non-reference node equating the sum of currents in and out. 3. Solve the system of equations to determine the unknown nodal voltages. An example is worked through to find the current through a resistor. Nodal analysis can be used to analyze any circuit where the node voltages are unknown.

Uploaded by

Ahsan Farooq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR

Department of Electrical Engineering

1
Linear circuit analysis
EE-111

Lecture No. 16 : Nodal analysis

Engr Nazish Habib


Lecturer 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Introduction
• Node, Branch, loop, mesh
• Nodal analysis
• Reference node
• Steps nodal analysis
• Examples

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Branch, node, mesh and loop
• Branch represents a single circuit element like resistor, voltage source
etc.
• Node is a point in a network where two or more circuit elements are
connected. ...
• Mesh: If the loop in the circuit does not enclose any other loop inside
it then that loop can be called as a mesh.
• A loop is any closed path in a circuit. A loop is a closed path formed
by starting at a node, passing through a set of nodes, and returning to
the starting node without passing through any node more than once.

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Nodal analysis
Basic Nodal Analysis Procedure
• 1. Count the number of nodes (N).
• 2. Designate a reference node. The number of terms in your nodal equations can be minimized by
selecting the node with the greatest number of branches connected to it.
• 3. Label the nodal voltages (there are N − 1 of them).
• 4. Write a KCL equation for each of the nonreference nodes: Sum the currents flowing into a
node from sources on one side of the equation. On the other side, sum the currents flowing out of
the node through resistors. Pay close attention to “−” signs.
• 5. Express any additional unknowns such as currents or voltages other than nodal voltages in
terms of appropriate nodal voltages. This situation can occur if voltage sources or dependent
sources appear in our circuit.
• 6. Organize the equations. Group terms according to nodal voltages.
• 7. Solve the system of equations for the nodal voltages (there will
• be N − 1 of them.
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Reference node

Reference Node:
In circuits, we usually label a node as the reference node also called ground and define the other
node voltages with respect to this point. The reference node has a potential of 0V by definition.
The following symbol is used to indicate the reference node:
It is usually chosen to be:

:
•a node with largest number of elements connected to it,
or The Reference Node Symbol
•a node which is connected to the maximum number of voltage
sources,

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Example(page#108 of book)

• Determine the current flowing left to right through the 15Ω resistor
of Fig. 4.2a.

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Continued:

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Reference
• Engineering Circuit Analysis 8th Edition by William Hayt (Author),
Jack Kemmerly (Author), Steven Durbin (Author)

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