Welcome to Science 10

3rd Quarter | Week 3

Objective(s)

• define the structure of the male and female reproductive

system and their function;
• summarize the events that take place during the female
reproductive cycle and;
• discuss the role of the hormones involved in reproduction

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What is the Reproductive System?

▰ The tissues, glands, and organs

involved in producing offspring
(children).
▰ It's called the reproductive system
because it supports the development
and growth of a baby.

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The Reproductive System

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External Genitalia

▰ Gonads = testes
undescended by birth=
cryptorchidism
▰ Scrotum
▰ Penis

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 TESTIS (TESTES)

▰ Each testis is an oval structure

about 5 cm long and 3 cm in
diameter
▰ Located in the scrotum
▰ Production of sperm cells occurs
(seminiferous tubules)

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 TESTOSTERONE (MALE SEX HORMONE)

▰ LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
stimulates the production of
testosterone
▰ FSH (Follicle-Stimulating
Hormone), along with
testosterone stimulates the
production of sperm cells

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 SPERM CELL

Mature sperm cell consists of three parts:

1. Head (contains haploid chromosomes)
2. Mid piece (contains mitochondrion)
3. Tail (responsible for sperm movement)

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 SCROTUM

▰ Protective sac of skin

▰ It helps produce sperm cells,
which requires a lower
temperature (lower than 37°C)

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By contracting simultaneously, the dartos and cremaster muscles can elevate
the testes in cold weather (or water), moving the testes closer to the body and
decreasing the surface area of the scrotum to retain heat.

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 PENIS

▰ a cylindrical pendant organ located

anterior to the scrotum and functions to
transfer sperm to the vagina.
▰ consists of three columns of erectile
tissue that are wrapped in connective
tissue and covered with skin.
▰ 3 parts: a root, body (shaft), and glans
penis.

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 Hi I’m Sperm.
Can you help
me identify what
part of male
reproductive is
it?

Production of sperm cells occurs Testis

(seminiferous tubules)

Protective sac of skin scrotum

a cylindrical pendant organ located anterior to the

penis
scrotum and functions to transfer sperm to the vagina.

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Duct System
Transportation of sperm

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 Hi! I’m Sperm.
Duct System But don’t worry! Help me find my
The red colors are way to meet my
stop overs for us to friend Ovum. Are
fuel up! you ready to
come and join?

I have here the

map that help us
to reach our
destination
SEMINAL
VESICLE
VAS
DEFERENS EJACULATORY The Blue colors are
DUCT
the routes that we
BULBOURETHRAL
URETHRA GLAND need to pass
through. HelpLET’S
me toGO!!!!!
EPIDIDYMIS
PROSTATE
locate and know
GLAND them better!

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 Epididymis (First route) Hey! Here we are
in our first route. I
am not familiar in
this way. Can you
come with me and
explore this
route?

GREAT!
Nice!
Thank
you
▰ a long tube (about 6 meters) located Can you help
me describe
along the superior and posterior its structure
margins of the testes. and function
based on the
▰ Storage of mature sperm cells picture?
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 VAS DEFERENS (DUCTUS DEFERENS)

BUT, I am having ▰ a fibromuscular tube that is

Hey buddy! Do a hard time to
you what is next memorize this
continuous with the epididymis.
route? route. Can you
please help me
▰ Transport sperm cells from the
Sharp
describe its epididymis to ejaculatory duct.
structure and
memory!
function?
Great!
Come and
let’s go!

Can help me
Inside the spermatic
explore this
cord
route?
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 EJACULATORY DUCT
Great job buddy!
Now we are half-
▰ The ejaculatory way through our
destination! Do you
duct delivers sperm know what is the
into the urethra next route?

▰ It is formed by the Nice one!

union of the vas
deferens with What do you think is
the structure of the next
the duct of the route? Can you please
seminal Hey
vesicle
Buddy! I feel so tired! describe and tell me its
I think we need to fuel up. function based on the
I’ve heard that we have picture?
places to stop over here
in this route. Do you know
what and where they are?
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 ACCESSORY GLANDS (STOP OVERS)

GREAT! I feel
energized and
equipped now
buddy!

Nice! What do you know

about the accessory
glands that we find here
along in this route ▰ Seminal vesicle secretes fluid rich in sugars that
(ejaculatory duct)?
sperm cells use for energy.
What do we
need to fuel ▰ Prostate gland secretes alkaline fluid that
up and help neutralizes acids in the female reproductive system.
us in our
journey? ▰ Bulbourethral gland secretes alkaline fluid that
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neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the uterus.
 Recall:

Epididymis
But before we
First Route:
go to the next Vas deferens
route, let’s Second Route:
review our Ejaculatory Duct
previous routes. Third Route:
Stop overs (accessory glands)
I have so much
fun traveling Do you still
1. Prostate Gland
with you buddy! remember?
We are now 2. Seminal vesicle
heading to our
last destination 3. Bulbourethral
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(route) glands
 URETHRA

Can you please

help me
describe its
structure and
function?

VERY GOOD! ▰ extends from the urinary bladder to the

external urethral orifice at the tip of the
Great job! Now
let go to our last
penis.
route. ▰ It is a passageway for sperm and fluids
Do you know
where it is? from the reproductive system and urine
from the urinary system 21
ANSWERS:

1. Seminal vesicle

2. Bulbourethral gland

3. Vas deferens

4. Epididymis

5. Testis (Testes)

6. Prostate gland

7. Urethra
8. Glands Penis

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 Testes Production of testosterone & sperm cells

Scrotum Productive sac of skin

Penis Transfer sperm cells to the vagina

Epididymis Storage of mature sperm cells

Passageway of sperm to ejaculatory
Vas deferens
duct
Passageway of to get alkaline fluids and
Ejaculatory duct
sugar
Urethra Passageway of both urine and semen

Secretes fluid that contain sugar for

Seminal vesicle energy of sperm
Secretes alkaline fluid that protect
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral sperm from acid from the vagina 23
Secretes alkaline fluid that protect
gland
 Yehey! We are
done exploring the
GREAT JOB different routes
BUDDY! that I need to pass
See you on through!
my next Thanks for help
journey! buddy?

Now I can able to

see my friend
OVUM. Do you
We have so much want to meet her? I
to share with her. have something to
I’m excited! give her 

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 Hi! I’m Ovum. I just
want to say that I really
miss my friend Sperm.

He said that he will be

visiting me here in my
place.
Thank you! I’m happy
to be your friend too.
I’m excited to meet him
soon. Are you excited
too?

GREAT! He told me
that he has something
to fix. Can you help him
for me?
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 Hey buddy! Can you please help me identify what male reproductive part is
being describe based on its structure and function? Please analyse the
table below.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PART

an oval structure about 5 cm long and 3 cm in diameter
Production of sperm cells occurs. Located in the scrotum.
A fibro muscular tube that is continuous with the epididymis. Transport sperm
cells from the epididymis to ejaculatory duct
Part in the testis which serve as site of spermatogenesis.
It is a passageway for sperm and fluids from the reproductive system and urine
from the urinary system.
An accessory gland that secretes fluid rich in sugars that sperm cells use for
energy.
A long tube located along the superior and posterior margins of the testes.
Storage of mature sperm cells
It is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal
vesicle.
Two muscles responsible for contracting the muscles in the scrotum.

31
 Hey buddy! Can you please help me identify what male reproductive part is
being describe based on its structure and function? Please analyse the
table below.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PART

Secretes alkaline fluid that neutralizes acids in the female
reproductive system.
It is a male hormone which responsible for the production of sperm
cells and growth and development.
A protective sac of skin. It helps produce sperm cells, which
requires a lower temperature (lower than 37°C).
A cylindrical pendant organ located anterior to the scrotum and
functions to transfer sperm to the vagina.
It is the hormone secretes by pituitary gland that stimulates the
production of testosterone.
Secretes alkaline fluid that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in
urethra.
Gametes produced in the testes.

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 4

2
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 Hey buddy! Can you please help me identify what male reproductive part is
being describe based on its structure and function? Please analyse the
table below.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PART

an oval structure about 5 cm long and 3 cm in diameter
Production of sperm cells occurs. Located in the scrotum. TESTES
A fibro muscular tube that is continuous with the epididymis. Transport sperm
cells from the epididymis to ejaculatory duct
Vas deferens
Part in the testis which serve as site of spermatogenesis. Seminiferous tubules
It is a passageway for sperm and fluids from the reproductive system and urine
from the urinary system. Urethra
An accessory gland that secretes fluid rich in sugars that sperm cells use for
energy. Seminal vesicle
A long tube located along the superior and posterior margins of the testes.
Storage of mature sperm cells Epididymis
It is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal
vesicle. Ejaculatory duct
Two muscles responsible for contracting the muscles in the scrotum.
Dartos and cremaster muscles
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 Hey buddy! Can you please help me identify what male reproductive part is
being describe based on its structure and function? Please analyse the
table below.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PART

Secretes alkaline fluid that neutralizes acids in the female
reproductive system. Prostate gland
It is a male hormone which responsible for the production of sperm
cells and growth and development. Testosterone
A protective sac of skin. It helps produce sperm cells, which
requires a lower temperature (lower than 37°C). Scrotum
A cylindrical pendant organ located anterior to the scrotum and
functions to transfer sperm to the vagina. Penis
It is the hormone secretes by pituitary gland that stimulates the
production of testosterone. Luteinizing hormone
Secretes alkaline fluid that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in
urethra. Bulbourethral gland
Gametes produced in the testes.
Sperm cells
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 Hey buddy!
Nice to see
you again. I’m
happy that
you are there.

I told my friend
Ovum that I
have to fix
something
Let’s start! . before we meet.
Can you please
help me?

Thanks a lot
buddy! I know
you can help
me.
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Alright buddy good Thank you
Job! You have so buddy for being
much knowledge with me. I know
gained in our you are a good
adventure. friend of mine.

Now I can able

to see my friend
Ovum. Do you
want to come
again and join Let’s go !
me in my
adventure?

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 I know it’s
Hi! I’ve heard
hard to travel
that you
so far. Can
helped my
you help him
friend Sperm.
again ? I
I’m excited to
know you are
meet him as
a good friend
soon as
of him.
possible. Job
well done!

I am just Thank you for

patiently helping him.
waiting here.

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 Hi buddy, before we
explore the internal
parts of female
reproductive
system. Let’s
identify its external
parts first.

Are you ready? But

let me just give you
background of the
Did you know female external
that the parts
collective
term for
female
external
genital is
VULVA
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 Wait I’m
3. Vaginal overwhelmed! So
Opening many parts to
(orifice) identify. Can you
4. Hymen
help me buddy
identify them one
at time?
5. Urethral 6. Anus
Opening
(orifice)
2. Clitoris
7. Labia Don’t worry I
Majora have here terms
9. that can help us
Perineum identify them.
Ovum gave these
to me.
10.
Bartholin’s 8. Labia
1. Mons
Glands Minora
Pubis
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 MONS PUBIS

Where do you
think is the
Mons pubis
located based The rounded mass of
on the picture? fatty tissue lying over the
joint of the pubic bones,
in women typically more
Very good!
prominent and also
called the mons Veneris.

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 Clitoris

Where do you The glans clitoris is the name

think is the of the external part of the
clitoris located clitoris—the part that most
based on the
people call the “clitoris.”
picture?

It is about the size of a pea, and is

located above the urethra. Because
Very good! the glans is the most highly
innervated area of the clitoris, it’s
extremely sensitive to touch.

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 Vaginal Orifice (opening)

Where do you
think is the
vaginal orifice
(opening) located
The narrowest portion of
based on the the vaginal canal which
picture? opens to the surface in the
floor of the vestibule of the
Very good! vulva posterior to the
external urethral orifice.

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 Hymen

Where do you
think is the
Hymen located A thin membrane that
based on the surrounds the opening to
picture?
the vagina.

Very good!

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 Urethral Orifice (opening)

Where do you
think is the
Urethral Orifice A thin membrane that
located based on surrounds the opening to
the picture?
the vagina.

Very good!

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 Labia Majora and Minora

Where do you
think is the
Urethral Orifice Folds of skin encircling
located based on vestibule where find
the picture?
urethral and vaginal
openings
Very good!

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