THE PRESENT PERFECT

Cycle VI – 22INI0721N

Semana Nº 1
Elvis Guerrero G. Tema Nº 1
Talking about Past Experiences
 So…let’s talk about the FORM of the
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE first…OK?
The Present Perfect Tense is formed by 2 things:
• the auxiliary verb HAVE and HAS
(in all form: Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative)
• the PAST PARTICIPLE

For Example…
She has worked in that office for six years.

auxiliary past participle

 Here are some more examples!

I have already eaten breakfast. In these examples the

past participle has an
She has seen that movie before. irregular form.

We have done that kind of work for many years.

She has used a cash register before.

He has worked for that company since May. In these examples
the past participle
We have already finished school. has a regular form
and looks just the
the simple past
tense, but it’s not.
We often use CONTRACTIONS with this tense.

I have I’ve I haven´t

You have You’ve you haven´t
We have We’ve We haven´t
They have They’ve They haven´t
He has He’s He hasn´t
She has She’s She hasn´t
It has It’s It hasn´t

I have lived in Huancayo for 18 years.

I’ve lived in Huancayo for 18 years
 So now that we’ve talked about the form (structure) of the
PRESENT PERFECT, we can now look at the function – the use.

There are 2 main reasons we use the PRESENT PERFECT

TENSE. They are completely different and have no
connection to one another.

Do you want to guess?

 Are you Ready?
Reason #1
We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about a
completed past action at an unspecified time in the past.

Perhaps we don’t remember when the action happened.

Maybe we don’t know when the action happened.
Or we just don’t care when the action happened.
The only thing that is important is
that it happened sometime before
now. But not any specific time.

I’ve already eaten breakfast.

She’s seen that movie before. When did it happen?
 THE PRESENT PERFECT

We CAN use the present perfect with unspecific expressions such as ever,
never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples:
 I have seen that movie twenty times.
 I think I have met him once before.
 There have been many earthquakes in California.
 People have traveled to the Moon.
 People have not traveled to Mars.
 Have you read the book yet?
 Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.
1. They ………. to London twice. (be)
2. He ………….. a lot of English papers. (bring)
3. She …………. me about it. (tell)
4. I ……………. a long letter from father this week. (get)
5. She (just) ………. ; she will speak to you in a minute. (come)
6. I …………. to a reality show many times. (be)
7. I think the director …………… the town. (leave)
8. I ……………. my office. (paint)
9. We ……………… her since she arrived to our city. (know)
10. I ……………….. your name. (forget)
11. He ………………… the door. (close)
12. He ………………… it since we left him. (do)
13. I ……………….. him my last penny. (give)
14. This order ………….. to many misunderstandings. (lead)
15. He ………………. his name on my book. (write)
When we want to ask a question about something
that happened at any time before now, we say:

Have you ever….?

Have you ever seen a ghost?
Has she ever appeared on TV?
Have they ever traveled abroad?
Have you ever eaten “tocosh?”
Have you ever supervised other employees?

The short answer is…

Yes, I have. Yes, she has.
No, I haven’t No, she hasn’t.
 Have you ever lost your wallet?
 Have you ever played Free Fire?
 Have you ever played Fortnite?
 Have you ever watched the Titanic Movie?
 Have you ever fought somebody at school?
 Have you ever fallen in love ?
 Have you ever read a book?
 Have you ever drunk beer?
 Have you ever had an accident?
 Have you ever eaten sushi?
 Have you ever gone to the beach?
We often use the Present Perfect with already to
talk about things that have happened before now.

I’ve already eaten breakfast. She’s already read that book.

You’re too late. He’s already left for school.

We usually use yet in questions to find out if

something has happened before now.

Have you bought your mother a present yet?

Has she seen that movie yet?
Have they left for school yet?
 Already or yet?

ALREADY (ya) YET (aún, todavía no)

USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT

Already means that something happened Yet means that something that we
earlier than we expected. With Present expected has happened or hasn't
Perfect already usually goes after have happened. We usually put it at the
or has and before the main verb. end of a sentence.

Examples Examples

- We've already had our breakfast. - Has the post arrived yet?

- When are you going to do your - Have you done your homework?
homework? - Not yet.
- But I've already done it!
- Haven't you got ready yet? Look
- Do you want a cup of coffee? at the time!
- No, thanks. I've already had one."
just
Just used with the present perfect means 'a short time before'.
I've just seen Susan coming out of the cinema.
Mike's just called. Can you ring him back, please?
 I’ve just eaten breakfast. It was delicious.
 My dad’s just arrived from his trip to Lima.
Have you just taken my pen?!
Just comes between the auxiliary verb (have/has) and the past participle.
1.I ………………………. (+/already/have dinner)
2.I ……………………….. (-/not/get married/yet)
3.I …………………………. (+/already/to take some photos)
4.I …………………………. (+/already/to help Jane in the kitchen)
5.I ………………………….. (+/already/ do my English homework)
6.I ……………………………. (+/already/to go out with my friends)
7.I ……………………………. (-/not/to wash my shirts/yet)
8.I ……………………………. (+/already/to make my bed)
9.I ……………………………. (+/already/finish university)
10.I ……………………….. (-/not/to speak to my maths teacher/yet)
If we want to ask a question about something that happened
at a specific time in the past, we wouldn’t use the present
perfect tense. We need to use a different tense. Can you
guess which one?

You’re right! The simple past tense.

When did they travel abroad ?
They traveled abroad last year.
When did you supervise other people?
I supervised other people two years ago.

Last year, yesterday,

two years ago, last week
are all words we use with
the simple past tense
 Often when we’re speaking, we go back and forth
between these two tenses—the present perfect
and the simple past tense.
Take a look at this example.
Miguel: Have you ever supervised other people?
Tania: Yes, I have.

Miguel Tania

Miguel: When did you do that?

Tania: I supervised others last year in my previous job.

 Reason #2

With the words “ for” and “ since” to talk about something

that began in the past and continues to now.
For example: I’ve studied at this university since 2018.
She’s lived in Arequipa for 2 months.

1. SINCE + POINT IN TIME

Use the present perfect with “since” + point in time (since 5:00, since
Monday, since 1994) to show when something started.

I’ve worked at this job since last year.

He’s lived in Lima since March.

They’ve been married since 1985.

 FOR + LENGTH OF TIME
Use the Present perfect with “for” + length of time (for ten
minutes, for two weeks, for years, for a long time) to show how
long a present condition has lasted.
I’ve worked at this job for one year.
He’s lived in Florida for 9 months.
They’ve been married for a long time.
So……
How do we ask questions using this tense?

When we want to know the length of time

something has taken place we use the
question words “HOW LONG?”
How long have you studied English at CIC?
 Write affirmative and negative sentences using the
Present Perfect tense using the words given.

a. He / lose / his passport. He’s lost his passport.

b. We / not / finish / our work.
c. They / buy / a new house.
d. I / visit / New York / five times.
e. They / go / to the cinema.
f. You / eat / four bananas!
g. She / not / travel / far.
h. I / not / do / any homework / this week.
i. We / not / study / French.
 Write questions and answer them. Make the answers true for YOU

a. She / see / her sister? Has she seen her sister?

b. They / phone / the doctor?
c. You / take / any photographs?
d. He / make / any mistakes?
e. We / watch / any television today?
3. Complete the following sentences with since
Complete the following sentences with since or for.

a. She has worked as a secretary since 1991.

b. They have been married ________ a few years.
c. They have lived in Manchester ________ a long time.
d. He’s written 5 books ________ I met him.
e. We haven’t seen them ________ several weeks.
f. I haven’t been to the beach ________ last summer.
g. Have you used the phone ________ you arrived?
h. We haven’t heard any noise ________ many hours.
i. Has she studied hard ________ yesterday?
Write sentences using the Present Perfect form and since or for.

a. I / not / play / tennis / last summer. I haven’t played tennis since

last summer.
b. I / know / her / more than ten years.
c. I / not / eat / anything / lunchtime.
d. You / live / in this town / a long time?
e. Jill / be / a good friend / we were at school together.
f. You / see / Jack / the party last week?
 Correct the following sentences:

a. I have played tennis last week. I played tennis last week.

b. They have finished work yet.
c. When you bought that umbrella?
d. Look! I have buy a new umbrella.
e. I have bought three CDs last week.
f. She didn’t saw that film.
g. She hasn’t never seen that film.
Crea impacto positivo y trasciende.