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Congruence of Triangles
Congruence of Triangles:
Two triangles are said to be congruent if all three corresponding
sides are equal and all the three corresponding angles are equal
in measure. These triangles can be slides, rotated, flipped and
turned to be looked identical. If repositioned, they coincide with
each other. The symbol of congruence is’ ≅’.
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The meaning of congruence in Maths
When two figures are similar to each other based on their shape and size.
There are basically four congruence rules that proves if two triangles are
congruent. But it is necessary to find all six dimensions. Hence, the
congruence of triangles can be evaluated by knowing only three values out
of six. The corresponding sides and angles of congruent triangles are
equal.
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Congruence
The term used to define an object and its mirror image. Two
objects or shapes are said to be congruent if they superimpose on
each other. Their shape and dimensions are the same. In the case
of geometric figures, line segments with the same length are
congruent and angle with the same measure are congruent.
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Congruent Triangles
A closed polygon made of three line segments forming three
angles is known as a Triangle.
Two triangles are said to be congruent if their sides have the
same length and angles have same measure. Thus, two triangles
can be superimposed side to side and angle to angle.
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Congruence of Triangles
In the figure, Δ ABC and Δ PQR are congruent
triangles. This means,
Vertices: A and P, B and Q, and C and R are the same.
Sides: AB=PQ, QR= BC and AC=PR;
Angles: ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, and ∠C = ∠R.
Congruent triangles are triangles having corresponding
sides and angles to be equal. Congruence is denoted by
the symbol “≅”. From the above example, we can
write ABC ≅ PQR. They have the same area and the
same perimeter.
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CPCT Full Form
CPCT is the term we come across when we learn about the congruent
triangle. CPCT means “Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles”.
As we know that the corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal.
While dealing with the concepts related to triangles and solving questions,
we often make use of the abbreviation CPCT in short words instead of
full form.
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CPCT Rules in Maths
After proving triangles congruent, the remaining dimension can be predicted without
actually measuring the sides and angles of a triangle. Different rules of congruency are
as follows:
SSS (Side-Side-Side)
SAS (Side-Angle-Side)
ASA (Angle-Side-Angle)
AAS (Angle-Angle-Side)
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SSS (Side-Side-Side)
If all the three sides of one triangle are
equivalent to the corresponding three sides of
the second triangle, then the two triangles are
said to be congruent by SSS rule.
In the given figure, AB= PQ, BC = QR and
AC=PR, hence Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR.
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SAS (Side-Angle-Side) If any two sides and the angle included
between the sides of one triangle are
equivalent to the corresponding two sides
and the angle between the sides of the
second triangle, then the two triangles are
said to be congruent by SAS rule.
In given figure, sides AB= PQ, AC=PR and
angle between AC and AB equal to angle
between PR and PQ i.e. ∠A = ∠P. Hence,
Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR.
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ASA (Angle-Side- Angle)
If any two angles and the side included
between the angles of one triangle are
equivalent to the corresponding two angles
and side included between the angles of the
second triangle, then the two triangles are said
to be congruent by ASA rule.
In given figure, ∠ B = ∠ Q, ∠ C = ∠ R and sides between ∠B and ∠C , ∠Q and ∠
R are equal to each other i.e. BC= QR. Hence, Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR.
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AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) [Application of ASA]
When two angles and a non-included side of a
triangle are equal to the corresponding angles
and sides of another triangle, then the
triangles are said to be congruent.
AAS congruence can be proved in easy steps.
Suppose we have two triangles ABC and
DEF, where,
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AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) [Application of ASA]
∠B = ∠E [Corresponding angles] ∠C = ∠F
[Corresponding angles] And
AC = DF [Adjacent sides]
By angle sum property of triangle, we know
that;
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180 ………(1)
∠D + ∠E + ∠F = 180 ……….(2)
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AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) [Application of ASA]
From equation 1 and 2 we can say;
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = ∠D + ∠E + ∠F
∠A + ∠E + ∠F = ∠D + ∠E + ∠F [Since,
∠B = ∠E and ∠C = ∠F] ∠A = ∠D
Hence, in triangle ABC and DEF,
∠A = ∠D
AC = DF
∠C = ∠F
Hence, by ASA congruency,
Δ ABC ≅ Δ DEF
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REFERENCE:
https://byjus.com/maths/congruence-of-triangles/
Thank you!
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