FIRST AID

Immediatecare given to a person

who has been injured or suddenly
taken ill
Includes self-help or home care if
medical assistance is not available
or delayed
 OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
1. To preserve life

2. To prevent added/further injury or danger

3. To prolong life
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A
FIRST AIDER
1.Bridge that fills the gap between the
patient/victim and the physician
2.Ensure safety of him/herself and that of
bystander.
3.Gain access to the patient/victim.
4.Determine any threats to patient/victim’s life.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A
FIRST AIDER
5.Summon more advanced medical care as
needed.
6.Provide needed care for the patient/victim.
7.Assist more advanced personnel.
8.Record all finding and care given to the
patient/victim.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST AIDER
1. GENTLE should not cause pain.

2. RESOURCEFUL should make the best

use of things at hand

3. OBSERVANT should notice all signs

 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST RESPONDER
4. TACTFUL should not alarm the
victim
EMPATHETIC
5. should be comforting
RESPECTABLE
6. should maintain a
professional &
caring attitude
HINDRANCES IN GIVING
FIRST AID
1. Unfavorable Surroundings

2. The Presence of Crowds

3. Pressure from Victim

or Relatives
 TRANSMISSION OF DISEASES AND
THE FIRST RESPONDER
How diseases are transmitted:
1. DIRECT CONTACT Occurs when
a person touches an infected person’s body
fluids
INDIRECT CONTACT
2. Occurs
when a person touches objects that have been
contaminated by the blood or other body fluids of
an infected person
 TRANSMISSION OF DISEASES AND
THE FIRST RESPONDER
3. AIRBORNE Occurs when a person
inhales infected droplets that have become
airborne as an infected person coughs or
sneezes

4. VECTOR Occurs when an animal

transmits a pathogen into the body through a
bite
Precautions taken to isolate or prevent risk of
exposure from any other type of bodily
substance
BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND PRACTICES

PERSONAL
BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND PRACTICES

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND PRACTICES

Equipment cleaning and

disinfecting
 FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
1. Basic Equipment
• Spine Board and Spider Strap
 FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
 Short Board / Kendrick’s Extrication Device
 FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
•Sets of Splints
 FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
•Poles and Blankets ( improvise stretcher)
 FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
2. Suggested First Aid Kit Contents (Basic)
•Rubbing Alcohol
 FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
•Povidone Iodine
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

•Cotton balls
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

•Tongue Depressor
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

•Penlight
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

•Band Aid
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

•Gloves
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

•Scissors
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
•Forceps
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
•Bandages (triangular)
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

•Elastic Roller bandages

FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

•Occlusive Dressing
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

•Plaster
 FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
3. Other materials commonly used in First Aid
 DRESSING any sterile cloth material
used to cover the wound
 FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
3. Other materials commonly used in First Aid
 BANDAGE any clean cloth material, sterile
or not, used to hold the dressing in place

 Controls bleeding.
 Tie splints in place.
 Immobilize body part.
 For arm support – use as sling.
GETTING STARTED
1. PLANNING OF ACTION
2. GATHERING OF NEEDED MATERIALS
3. Remember the initial response as follows:
 A – ASK FOR HELP
 I – INTERVENE
 D –
DO NO FURTHER HARM
4. INSTRUCTION TO HELPER/S
Proper information and instruction to a helper/s would
provide organized first aid care.
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLE
1. SURVEY THE SCENE
• Is the scene safe?
• What happened?
• How many people are injured?
• Are there bystanders who can help?
• Identify yourself as a trained first aider?
• Get consent to give care
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLE
2. ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE & TRANSPORT
FACILITY
 Depending on the situation
-
CALL FIRST orCARE FIRST (Lone
Rescuer)
- A bystander should make the telephone call for help
(if available).
- A bystander will be requested to call for a physician.
- Somebody will be asked to arrange for transfer facility
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLE
2. ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE & TRANSPORT
FACILITY
IF A LONE RESCUER
 CALL FIRST (Activate Medical Assistance before
providing care) If:
- An unconscious adult victim or child 8 years old or
older.
- An unconscious infant or child known to be at a high
risk for heart problems.
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLE
2. ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE & TRANSPORT
FACILITY
IF A LONE RESCUER
 CARE FIRST (provide first aid for 1-2 minutes and
then call fast) If:
- An unconscious victim less than 8 years old;
- Cardiac Arrest in children known to be at high risk of
arrythmias
- Any victim of submersion or near drowning
- Any victim of arrest associated with trauma
- Any victim of drug overdose
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLE
2. ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE & TRANSPORT
FACILITY
• Information to be remembered in activating medical
assistance:
- What happened?
- Location?
- Number of persons injured?
- Extent of injury and first aid given
- The telephone number from where you are calling?
- Person who activated medical assistance must identify
him/herself and drop the phone last.
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLE
3. DO A PRIMARY SURVEY
• Check for RESPONSIVENESS
• Check for AIRWAY
Ways in opening the airway
1.Head Tilt-Chin Lift Maneuver
2.Jaw Thrust Maneuver
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLE
3. DO A PRIMARY SURVEY
• Check for BREATHING
• Check for CIRCULATION
4. DO A SECONDARY SURVEY
• Interview the victim
- Ask the victim’s name
- Ask what happened
- Assess the SAMPLE history
 SAMPLE history
IGNS AND SYMPTOMS

LLERGIES
EDICATION/S

AST MEDICAL HISTORY

AST ORAL INTAKE
VENT/S PRIOR TO INJURY
 Check the vital signs
- Determine radial or carotid pulse (pulse rate)
Adult 60 – 90/ minute
Child 80 – 100/ minute
Infant 100 – 120/ minute

- Determine breathing (respiration rate)

Adult 12 - 20/minute

Child 18 – 25/minute

Infant 25 – 35/minute
- Determine skin appearance
 Look at the victim’s face and lips.
 Record skin appearance, temperature,
moisture, and color.
 Do head-to-toe examination looking for
DCAP-BTLS
 DCAP - BTLS
EFORMITY URN

ONTUSION ENDERNESS

BRASION ACERATION

UNCTURE WELLING
 GOLDEN RULES IN GIVING
EMERGENCY CARE
1. What to DO:
 Do obtain consent when possible.
 Do think the worst. It’s best to administer first aid for
the gravest possibility.
 Do remember to identify yourself to the victim.
 Do provide comfort and emotional support.
 Do respect the victim’s modesty and physical privacy.
 GOLDEN RULES IN GIVING
EMERGENCY CARE
 Do be calm and as direct as possible.
 Do care for the most serious injuries first.
 Do assist the victim with his or her prescription
medication.
 Do keep onlookers away from the injured person.
 Do handle the victim to a minimum.
 Do loosen tight clothing.
GOLDEN RULES IN GIVING
EMERGENCY CARE
2. What NOT TO DO:
 Do not let the victim see his/her own injury.
 Do not leave the victim alone except to get help.
 Do not assume that the victim’s obvious injuries are
the only ones.
 Do not make any unrealistic promises.
 Do not trust the judgment of a confused victim and
require them to make decision.
 SEIZURE
 Is a sudden involuntary muscle contraction,
usually due to uncontrolled electrical activity
in the brain.
Signs and Symptoms:
 Local tingling or twitching in the body part
 Loss of consciousness or confused behavior
 Drooling
 Loss of bladder & bowel control
 Temporary cessation

of breathing, grunting/snoring
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
If you know the person has epilepsy, it is
usually not necessary to call physician unless-

•the seizure lasts longer than a few minutes

•Another seizure begins soon after the first
•He or she does not regain consciousness
after the jerking movement has stopped
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
However, you should call physician when
someone having seizure also -

•Ispregnant
•Carries identification as a Diabetic
•Is in the water and has swallowed large
amount of water
 SHOCK
 A depressed condition of many body functions
due to failure of enough blood to circulate
throughout the body following serious injury.

 May lead to death; predisposes the body to

infection; may lead to loss of body part
 SHOCK
 CAUSES:
1. Severe bleeding 6. Shell bomb & bullet wound
2. Crushing injury 7. Rupture of tubal pregnancies
3. Infection 8. Anaphylaxis
4. Heart Attack 9. Starvation & disease
5. Perforation
 SHOCK
 CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS:
P – PAIN
R – ROUGH HANDLING
I – IMPROPER TRANSFER
C – CONTINUOUS BLEEDING
E – EXPOSED TO EXTREME COLD/EXCESSIVE HEAT
F – FATIGUE
 SHOCK
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
A. EARLY STAGE:
 FACE – pale or cyanotic
 SKIN – cold and clammy
 BREATHING – irregular
 PULSE – rapid and weak
 Nausea and Vomiting
 Weakness
 Thirsty
 SHOCK
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
A. LATE STAGE:
 Apathetic or relatively unresponsive
 Eyes sunken with vacant expression
 Dilated pupils
 Very low level blood pressure
 Unconsciousness may occur, body temperature falls
 SHOCK
1. Proper Body Position.

2. Proper Body Heat 3. Proper Transfer

 FEVER
 A sustained body temperature
above the normal level of 37⁰C
(98.6⁰F)
 Signs & symptoms Early Stage:
pallor, a “chilled” feeling – goose
pimples, shivering, chattering teeth
FEVER Signs & symptoms as the
fever advances:
 Hot, flushed skin,
sweating
 Headache, higher
temperature
 Generalized aches and
pains
First Aid:
 Make patient comfortable in cool
surroundings. Allow to rest.
 Give patient plenty of cool, bland drinks.
 An adult may take 2 Paracetamol tablets.
Give a child the recommended dose of
Paracetamol syrup.
 If worried about the patient’s condition, call
a doctor.
When to get help:
Seek immediately medical attention if:
 Fever is over 39.4⁰C (103⁰F)
 Fever is accompanied by:

-difficulty breathing, unusual skin colors

-rash of tiny red or purple dots under the skin
-shock, stiff neck
-bulging fontanel, signs of dehydration
 If victim appears to be very ill, take steps to reduce
fever while you seek medical assistance
 headache
 may accompany any
illness, particularly a
feverish ailment such as
flu, but it may be the most
prominent symptom of a
serious condition, such as
meningitis or stroke
First Aid Management:
 Help the patient to sit or lie down
comfortably in a quiet place.
 An adult may take two paracetamol tablets
or her own painkillers. Give a child
recommended dose of paracetamol syrup
(not aspirin).
 If in doubt or if the pain does not ease
within two hours, call a doctor.
 Abdominal Pain
 pain in the abdomen often
has a relatively trivial
cause, but can indicate
serious disease, such as
perforation or obstruction
of the intestine
First Aid Management:
 Make the patient comfortable, and prop her up if
breathing is difficult. Give her a container to use
if vomiting.
 Do not give the patient any medicines or
anything to eat or drink.
 Give patient a covered hot-water bottle place
against the abdomen.
 If the pain is severe, or does not ease within 30
minutes, call a doctor.
Vomiting & Diarrhea
 most likely to be
caused by food
poisoning,
contaminated water,
allergy, or unusual or
exotic foods
First Aid Management:
 Reassure the patient while he or she is being
sick. Afterwards, give the patient a warm damp
cloth with which to wash him- or herself.
 Give the patient lots of bland fluids to sip slowly
and often. If the appetite returns, give him only
bland, starchy or sugary food for the first 24
hours.
 If you are worried about the patient’s condition,
particularly if it is persistent, call a doctor.

TRIAGE
a process used in sorting
patients/victims into categories of priority
for care and transport based on the
severity of injuries and medical
emergencies
 TAGGING OF PATIENT
GREEN TAG
Priority three; delayed care; can delay
transport up to three hours
 TAGGING OF PATIENT
YELLOW TAG
Priority two; needs urgent care; can delay
transport and treatment to one hour
 TAGGING OF PATIENT
RED TAG
Priority one; needs immediate care; life
threatening
 TAGGING OF PATIENT
BLACK TAG
Priority four;
patient/victim is
dead; cover the
body. Don’t leave it
until it is endorsed
to authorities.
 WOUND
 a break in the continuity of a
tissue of the body either internal
or external
Closed wound
Causes:
 Blunt object result in contusion or bruises
 Application of external forces
 Signs and symptoms
 Pain and tenderness
 Swelling, discoloration and hematoma
 Vomiting or coughing up blood
 Passage of blood in the urine or feces
 Sign of blood along mouth, nose and ear
canal
 Uncontrolled restlessness; Thirst
 Symptoms of shock
swelling discoloration

hematoma
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
OLD
COMPRESSION

PLINTING
open wound
PUNCTURE AVULSION
ABRASION INCISION
LACERATION
PUNCTURE WOUND
-Deep and narrow, serious or slight bleeding
Causes:
 penetrating pointed instruments such as nails, ice picks,
daggers and etc.
ABRASION
-Shallow, wide, oozing of blood and dirty
Causes:
 scrapping or rubbing against rough surfaces
LACERATION
-torn with irregular edges, serious or slight bleeding
Causes:
 blunt instruments such as shrapnel, rocks, broken glasses
etc.
AVULSION
-tissue forcefully separated from the body
Causes:
 explosion, animal bites, mishandling of tools and etc.
INCISION
-Clean cut, deep, severe bleeding, wound is clean
Causes:
 sharp bladed instruments such as blades razors and etc.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
 Wound with Severe Bleeding

Control Bleeding
Cover wound with dressing
Care for Shock
Consult a physician
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
 Wound with Bleeding not severe (home care)
 Clean the wound with soap and water
 Apply mild antiseptics
 Cover the wound with dressing and
bandage
 REMINDERS
1. All wounds must be thoroughly inspected
and covered w/ a dressing to control
bleeding and prevent further contamination.
2. Once bleeding is controlled by
compression , the limb should be splinted to
further control the bleeding, stabilize the
injured part, minimize the victim’s pain and
facilitate the patient’s transport to the
3. As with closed soft tissue injuries, the injured
part should be elevated to just above the level
of the victim’s heart to minimize severity.
4. Amputated body parts should saved, wrapped in
a dry gauze, placed in a plastic bag, kept cool,
and transported w/ the patient.
5.Don’t induce further bleeding to clean the
wound.
6. Don’t use absorbent cotton as a dressing.
 BURNS
 an injury involving the skin,
including muscles, bones, nerves
and blood vessels. This results from
heat, chemicals, electricity or solar
or other forms of radiation.
 COMMON CAUSES
1. Carelessness with match and cigarette
smoking.
2. Scald from hot liquid.
3. Defective heating, cooking, and electrical
equipment.
4. Immersion in overheated bath water
5. Use of such chemicals as lye, strong acids
and strong detergents.
FACTORS TO DETERMINE THE SERIOUSNESS
OF BURNS
1. THE DEPTH – the deeper the burn, the
more severe it is.
 Superficial/ First Degree Burn
 Partial Thickness / Second Degree Burn
 Full Thickness / Third Degree Burn
DEPTH
1. First Degree Burn
>involve only the top layer of
the skin, the epidermis. The
skin is red and painful.
2.Second Degree Burn
>involves the epidermis and
some portions of the dermis.
Blister is the first sing of 2nd
degree burn.
3.Third Degree Burn
>extend through all skin
layers and may involve
subcutaneous layers,
muscle, bone, or internal
organs. The burned area is
dry and leathery and may
appear white, dark brown,
or even charred.
2.THE EXTENT TO THE AFFECTED BODY
SURFACE AREA – this means estimating how much
body surface area the burn covers.

3. LOCATION OF THE BURN – burns on the face,

hands, feet, and genitals are more severe than on other
body parts.

4. VICTIM’S AGE & MEDICAL CONDITION –

determine if other injuries or preexisting medical
problems exist or the victim is elderly (over 55 years old)
or very young (under 5 years old)
RULES OF
NINE
>a method of
estimating the extent
of body surface that
has been burned.
 TYPES OF BURN INJURIES
1. THERMAL BURN – not all thermal
burns are caused by flames. Contact w/
hot objects, flammable vapor that ignites
and causes a flash or an explosion and
steams or hot liquid are other common
causes of burns.
CARE FOR THERMAL BURNS
Care for First and Second
Degree Burns

•Relieve pain by immersing the

burned area in cold water or by
applying a wet, cold cloth.

• Cover the burn with a dry,

non-sticking sterile or a clean
cloth.
CARE FOR THERMAL BURNS
Care for Third Degree Burns
 Cover the burn area with a dry, non-sticking
sterile dressing or a clean cloth.
 Treat the victim for shock by elevating the
legs and keeping the victim warm with a
clean sheet or blanket.
2. CHEMICAL BURN
– chemicals will continue to cause tissue
destruction until the chemical agent is
removed
CARE FOR CHEMICAL BURNS
 Immediately remove the chemical by
flushing with water.
 Remove the victim’s contaminated
clothing while flushing with water.
 Flush for 20 minutes or longer. Let the
victim wash with mild soap before a final
rinse.
CARE FOR CHEMICAL BURNS
 Cover the burned area with a dry
dressing or for large areas a clean
pillow case
 If the chemical is in the eye, flood it for
at least 20 minutes using low
pressure.
 Seek medical attention immediately
3. ELECTRICAL BURNS – the injury severity from
exposure to electrical current depends on the
type of the current (direct or altering), the
voltage, the area of the body exposed and the
duration of contact.
 CARE FOR ELECTRICAL BURNS
 Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the power. If that
is impossible, call the Power Company or ask
help.
 Check the ABC’s. Provide RB or CPR if
necessary
 If the victim fell, check for spine injury.
 Treat the victim for shock.
 Seek medical attention immediately. Electrical
injuries are treated in burn center.
Common Causes
 Vehicular accidents
 Motorbike accidents
 Mishandling of tools and
equipment
 Falls
 Sports
 Signs and Symptoms
• Pain, Bruising, Swelling
• Misshapen appearance and obvious
deformity
• Exposed bone; Pale, bluish skin; loss of
pulse in an injured limb
• Numbness furthers down the arm or leg
 Muscle cramps/spasm

Is the sudden,
painful tightening
of a muscle
First Aid Management:
 Have the victim stretch out the affected
muscle to counteract the cramp.
 Massage the cramped muscle firmly but
gently.
 Apply heat. Moist heat is more effective than
dry heat.
 Get medical help if cramps persist.
Muscle strain
Is the sudden, painful tearing of muscle fiber
during exertion
Signs and Symptoms:
•Pain, Swelling
•Bruising
•Loss of efficient movement
First Aid Management:
 Apply cold compresses at once.
 Elevate the limb to reduce swelling
and bleeding within the muscle.
Rest the pulled muscle for 24
hours.
 Get medical help.
 sprain
Is caused by torn fibers in a ligament
Signs and Symptoms:
•Swelling
•Bruising
First Aid Management:
 Remove any clothing or jewelry from around
the joint.
 Apply cold compresses at once.
 Elevate the affected joint with pillow or clothing.
 The victim’s physician may recommend an over
the counter anti-inflammatory medication
(aspirin, ibuprofen) appropriates for the victim’s
general health
 dislocation
is the displacement of a bone from its
normal position at a joint
 FRACTURE
Is a break or disruption in bone tissue
Signs and symptoms
•Pain
•Misshapen appearance
•Swelling
•Loss of function
First Aid Management:
 Check the victim’s ABC.
 Keep the victim still.
 Prevent infection by covering with a sterile
dressing before immobilizing.
 Splint or sling the injury in the position, which
you found it.
 Take steps to prevent shock.
 Get medical help.
 IMMOBILIZATION/
SPLINTING
Use of Bandage Use of Wood/Improvised
•Collarbone Splints
•Rib •Elbow
•Forearm/hand/wrist
•Ankle •Finger
•Arm support •Hip/thigh
•Knee/leg
SPECIFIC BODY INJURIES

Blows to the Eye Nose Injuries

SPECIFIC BODY INJURIES

Knocked-out Tooth Impaled Objects

 SPECIFIC BODY INJURIES

Amputation Abdominal Injuries

Sucking Chest
Wound
TRIANGULAR
BANDAGE
Is a large triangle of cloth,
also referred to as a cravat
used in first aid. This
versatile bandage can be
used as an arm sling, cover
for head dressing, binding
for splints or as a
tourniquet. It is ideal for
holding first aid dressing or
cold pack in place.
NOTE: SIZE OF BANDAGE BOTH SIDES: 40 INCHES BASE : 50 INCHES
Open Phase
1. Face
Open Phase
2. Chest; Back of chest
Open Phase
3. Hand; Foot
Narrow Cravat Phase
Forehead; Eye
Narrow Cravat Phase
Ear; Cheek; Jaw
Narrow Cravat Phase
Palm Bandage of Open Hand
( Vertical Wound )
Narrow Cravat Phase
Palm Pressure Bandage
(Horizontal Wound)
Narrow Cravat Phase
Arm

ARM OPEN WOUND

Narrow Cravat Phase
Elbow (straight; bent)

Elbow Bended Elbow Straight

Broad Cravat Phase
Shoulder; Hip

SHOULDER OPEN WOUND HIP OPEN WOUND

Narrow Cravat Phase
Leg

LEG OPEN WOUND

Narrow Cravat Phase
Knee (straight; bent)

Knee Straight Knee Bended

Narrow Cravat Phase
Shoe on and Shoe off

SHOE ON SHOE OFF

BANDAGING WITH ARM SLING

ARM SLING CUFF SLING ELEVATION SLING

BANDAGING
WITH SPLINTS
1. OPEN AND CLOSE FRACTURE ON FOREARM WITH
SPLINT

OPEN FRACTURE CLOSE FRACTURE

2. OPEN AND CLOSE FRACTURE ON ELBOW STRAIGHT
WITH SPLINT

OPEN FRACTURE ON
ELBOW STRAIGHT CLOSE FRACTURE ON
ELBOW STRAIGHT
2. OPEN AND CLOSE FRACTURE ON BENDED ELBOW
WITH SPLINT

OPEN FRACTURE ON CLOSE FRACTURE

BENDED ELBOW ON BENDED ELBOW
OPEN AND CLOSE FRACTURE ON KNEE STRAIGHT
WITH SPLINT

OPEN FRACTURE ON CLOSE FRACTURE ON

KNEE STRAIGHT KNEE STRAIGHT
OPEN AND CLOSE FRACTURE ON BENDED KNEE
WITH SPLINT

OPEN FRACTURE CLOSE FRACTURE

ON BENDED KNEE ON BENDED KNEE
IMPALED OBJECT
 GUIDELINES IN USING DRESSING AND BANDAGES

1.Use a dressing that is large enough to extend

at least 1 inch beyond the edges of the wound.

2.If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover

the wound with a dressing that will not stick,
such as plastic wrap or moistened gauze. Then
secure the dressing with a bandage or
adhesive tapes.
 GUIDELINES IN USING DRESSING AND BANDAGES

3. If the bandage is over a joint, splint and

makes a bulky dressing so the joint remains
immobilized. If there is no movement of a
wound over the joint, there should be improved
healing and reduced scarring.
 GUIDELINES IN USING DRESSING AND BANDAGES

4. A bandage should fit snugly but should not

cut off circulation or cause the victim
discomfort. If the area beyond the wound
changes color begins to tingle or feel cold, or if
the wound starts to swell, the bandage is too
tight and should be loosened.
 GUIDELINES IN USING DRESSING AND BANDAGES

5. Bandaging techniques depends upon:

Size and location of the wound
Your first aid skills
Materials at hand
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
1. One man assist/carries/drags
 Assist to walk
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
1. One man assist/carries/drags
 Carry in arms (cradle)
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
1. One man assist/carries/drags
 Pack strap carry
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
1. One man assist/carries/drags
 Piggyback carry
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
1. One man assist/carries/drags
 Fireman’s carry
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
1. One man assist/carries/drags
 Armpit/shoulder drag
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
1. One man assist/carries/drags
 Foot drag
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
2. Two man assist/carries
• Assist to walk
 METHODS OF TRANSFER

2. Two man assist/carries

• Four-hand seat
 METHODS OF TRANSFER

2. Two man assist/carries

• Hands as a Litter
 METHODS OF TRANSFER

2. Two man assist/carries

• Carry by Extremities
 METHODS OF TRANSFER

2. Two man assist/carries

• Fireman’s carry with Assistance
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
3. Three man carries
• Hammock carry
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
3. Three man carries
• Bearers Alongside
METHODS OF TRANSFER
4. Improvised Stretcher using two poles
with:

• Blanket
• Empty Sacks
• Shirts or coats
• Triangular Bandages
HELMET REMOVAL