Talugtug Inter-Barangay

Volleyball League
SPORT CLINIC
PLAYING AREA
Playing Area
Dimension:
• The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free
zone which is a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides.

Centre Line:
• The axis of the centre line divides the playing court into two equal courts
measuring 9 x 9 m each; however the entire width of the line is considered
to belong to both courts equally. This line extends beneath the net from
side line to side line.

Attack Line:
• is drawn 3 m back from the axis of the centre line, marks the front zone.
Playing Area
Front Zone:
• On each court, the front zone is limited by the axis of the centre line
and the rear edge of the attack line.

Substitution Zone:
• The substitution zone is limited by the extension of both attack lines
up to the scorer's table

Libero Replacement Zone:

• is part of the free zone on the side of the team benches, limited by
the extension of the attack line up to the end line
Playing Area

3 meters

6 meters Center Line

Attack Line

Front Zone

Libero Replacement Substitution Zone Libero Replacement

Zone Zone
NET AND ANTENNAE
Net and Posts
Height of the Net:
• Placed vertically over the centre line there is a net whose top is set at
the height of 2.43 m for men and 2.24 m for women.

Antennae:
• is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter, made of
fiberglass or similar material. The antennae are considered part of the
net and laterally delimit the crossing space.
PARTICIPANTS
Teams
Team Composition:
• For the match, a team may consist of up to 12 players, plus
• Coaching Staff – one coach, 1 assistant coach
• Medical Staff

*14 players may be recorded, but only 12 players will be allowed

during the match. 2 reserved players can be allowed to play in cases of
injuries only.
Teams
Team Composition:
• One of the players is the team captain, who shall be indicated on the
score sheet
• Only the players recorded on the score sheet may enter the court and
play in the match.
• One of the players is the team captain, who shall be indicated on the
score sheet.
Teams
Location of the Team:
• The players not in play should either sit on their team bench or be in
their warm-up area. The coach and other team members sit on the
bench, but may temporarily leave it.
• The benches for the teams are located beside the scorer's table,
outside the free zone.
• Only the team composition members are permitted to enter the
playing area, sit on the bench during the match, and participate in the
official warm-up session.
Teams
EQUIPMENT
• A player's equipment consists of a jersey, shorts, socks (the uniform),
and sports shoes.
• It is forbidden to wear uniforms of a color different from that of the
other players (except for the Liberos)

FORBIDDEN OBJECTS
• It is forbidden to wear objects which may cause injury or give an
artificial advantage to the player.
TEAM LEADERS
Team Leaders
CAPTAIN
• PRIOR TO THE MATCH, the team captain represents his/her team in
the toss and then signs the score sheet.

• When the team captain is not on the court, the coach or the team
captain must assign another player on the court, to assume the role
of game captain. This game captain maintains his/her responsibilities
until he/she is substituted, or the team captain returns to play, or the
set ends.
Team Leaders
CAPTAIN
When the ball is out of play, only the game captain is authorized to
speak to the referees:
• to ask for an explanation of the application or interpretation of the
Rules, and also to submit the requests or questions of his/her
teammates.
• to ask authorization:
a) to change all or part of the equipment,
b) to verify the positions of the teams,
c) to check the floor, the net, the ball, etc.;
Team Leaders
COACH
• PRIOR TO THE MATCH, the coach records or checks the names and
numbers of his/her players on the score sheet team roster, and then
signs it
• prior to each set, give the 2nd referee or the scorer the line-up
sheet(s) duly filled in and signed.
• requests time-outs and substitutions.
• may, as well as other team members, give instructions to the players
on the court. The coach may give these instructions while standing or
walking within the free zone in front of his/her team’s bench from the
extension of the attack line up to the warm-up area.
STRUCTURE OF PLAY
Structure of Play
The TOSS
• Before the match, the 1st referee carries out a toss to decide upon the
first service and the sides of the court in the first set.

• If a deciding set is to be played, a new toss will be carried out

• The toss is taken in the presence of the two team captains.

Structure of Play
Official Warm-up Session
• Prior to the match, if the teams have previously had a playing court
exclusively at their disposal, they are entitled to a 3-minute official
warm-up period.
Structure of Play
TEAM STARTING LINE-UP
• There must always be six players per team in play.
• The team's starting line-up indicates the rotational order of the
players on the court. This order must be maintained throughout the
set.
• Before the start of each set, the coach has to present the starting line-
up of his/her team on a line-up sheet (R5). The sheet is submitted,
duly filled in and signed, to the 2nd referee or the scorer.
• The players who are not in the starting line-up of a set are the
substitutes for that set (except the Liberos).
Structure of Play
POSITIONS
• At the moment the ball is hit by the server, each team must be positioned
within its own court in the rotational order (except the server).
• the three players along the net are front-row players and occupy positions
4 (front-left), 3 (front-centre) and 2 (front-right);
• the other three are back-row players occupying positions 5 (back-left), 6
(back-centre) and 1 (back-right)
• each back-row player must be positioned further back from the centre line
than the corresponding front-row player;
• The positions of players are determined and controlled according to the
positions of their feet contacting the ground (the last contact with the floor
fixes the player’s position)
Structure of Play
POSITIONAL FAULT
• The team commits a positional fault, if any player is not in his/her
correct position at the moment the ball is hit by the server. When a
player is on court through illegal substitution, and play restarts, this is
counted as a positional fault with the consequences of an illegal
substitution.

• If the server commits a serving fault at the moment of the service hit,
the server's fault is counted before a positional fault. If the service
becomes faulty after the service hit, it is the positional fault that will
be counted.
Structure of Play
ROTATION
• The rotational order is determined by the team's starting line-up and
controlled with the service order and players' positions throughout
the set
• When the receiving team has gained the right to serve, its players
rotate one position clock-wise: the player in position 2 rotates to
position 1 to serve, the player in position 1 rotates to position 6, etc.
Structure of Play
ROTATIONAL FAULT
• . A rotational fault is committed when the SERVICE is not made
according to the rotational order. It leads to the following
consequences in order:
• the scorer stops play by the buzzer; the opponent gains a point and
next service;
• If the rotational fault is determined only after the completion of the
rally which started with a rotational fault, only a single point is
awarded to the opponent, regardless of the result of the rally played.
STATES OF PLAY
Structure of Play
BALL IN
• The ball is “in” if at any moment of its contact with the floor, some part of
the ball touches the court, including the boundary lines.

BALL OUT
• all parts of the ball which contact the floor are completely outside the
boundary lines;
• it touches an object outside the court, the ceiling, or a person out of play
• it touches the antennae, ropes, posts, or the net itself outside the
sidebands
• it crosses the vertical plane of the net either partially or totally outside the
crossing space
PLAYING THE BALL
Playing the Ball
TEAM HITS
• Consecutive Contacts: A player may not hit the ball two times
consecutively (except in Rules 9.2.3, 14.2, and 14.4.2).

• SIMULTANEOUS CONTACTS: Two or three players may touch the ball

at the same moment. When two (or three) teammates touch the ball
simultaneously, it is counted as two (or three) hits (with the exception
of blocking).
When two opponents touch the ball simultaneously over the net and
the ball remains in play, the team receiving the ball is entitled to
another three hits.
Playing the Ball
TEAM HITS

• SIMULTANEOUS CONTACTS: If simultaneous hits by two opponents

over the net lead to an extended contact with the ball, even if the
contact is completed above the opponent’s court play continues.

• ASSISTED HIT: Within the playing area, a player is not permitted to

take support from a team-mate or any structure/object in order to hit
the ball.
However, a player who is about to commit a fault (touch the net or
cross the centre line, etc.) may be stopped or held back by a teammate.
Playing the Ball
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIT
• The ball may touch any part of the body
• The ball must not be caught and/or thrown. It can rebound in any
direction.
• The ball may touch various parts of the body, provided that the
contacts take place simultaneously (Rule 9.2.3)
Exceptions:
Rule 9.2.3.1: At blocking, consecutive contacts may be made by one or
more player(s), provided that the contacts occur during one action.
Rule 9.2.3.2: at the first hit of the team, the ball may contact various
parts of the body consecutively, provided that the contacts occur during
one action.
Playing the Ball
FAULTS IN PLAYING THE BALL
• FOUR HITS: a team hits the ball four times before returning it.
• ASSISTED HIT: a player takes support from a team-mate or any
structure/ object in order to hit the ball within the playing area.
• CATCH: the ball is caught and/or thrown; it does not rebound from
the hit
• DOUBLE CONTACT: a player hits the ball twice in succession or the
ball contacts various parts of his/her body in succession
BALL AT THE NET
BALL AT THE NET
Ball Crossing the net
The ball sent to the opponent's court must go over the net within the
crossing space.
• The ball that has crossed the net plane to the opponent's free zone
totally or partly through the external space, may be played back
within the team hits, provided that:
the opponent's court is not touched by the player
the ball, when played back, crosses the net plane again totally or
partly through the external space on the same side of the court.
*The opponent team may not prevent such action.
BALL AT THE NET
Ball in the net
While crossing the net, the ball may touch it
• A ball driven into the net may be recovered within the limits of the
three-team hits.

• If the ball rips the mesh of the net or tears it down, the rally is
canceled and replayed.
PLAYER AT THE NET
PLAYER AT THE NET
Reaching beyond the net
• In blocking, a player may touch the ball beyond the net, provided that
he/she does not interfere with the opponent’s play before the latter’s
attack hit.

• During an attack hit, a player is permitted to pass his/her hand

beyond the net, provided that the initial contact has been made
within his/ her own playing space, and the ball is not caught or
thrown.
PLAYER AT THE NET
Penetration under the net
• It is permitted to penetrate into the opponent’s space under the net,
provided that this does not interfere with the opponent’s play.
• Penetration into the opponent's court, beyond the centre line:
to touch the opponent’s court with a foot (feet) is permitted,
provided that some part of the penetrating foot (feet) remains either
in contact with or directly above the centre line and this action does
not interfere with the opponent’s play;
to touch the opponent’s court with any part of the body above the
feet is permitted provided that it does not interfere with the
opponent’s play.
PLAYER AT THE NET
Penetration under the net
Players may penetrate into the opponent's free zone provided that
they do not interfere with the opponent’s play.
PLAYER AT THE NET
Contact with the net
• Contact with the net by a player between the antennae, during the
action of playing the ball, is a fault.
• Players may touch the post, ropes, or any other object outside the
antennae, including the net itself, provided that it does not interfere
with the play.
• When the ball is driven into the net, causing it to touch an opponent,
no fault is committed.
PLAYER AT THE NET
Player’s Fault at the net
• A player touches the ball or an opponent in the opponent's space
before the opponent’s attack hit.

• A player interferes with the opponent's play while penetrating into

the opponent’s space under the net.

• A player’s foot (feet) penetrates completely into the opponent's court.

PLAYER AT THE NET
Player’s Fault at the net
• A player interferes with play by (amongst others):
touching the net between the antennae or the antenna itself during
his/her action of playing the ball,
using the net between the antennae as a support or stabilizing aid
creating an unfair advantage over the opponent by touching the net
making actions that hinder an opponent’s legitimate attempt to play
the ball
catching/ holding on to the net
*However, touching the net outside the antenna is not to be considered
a fault (except for Rule 9.1.3.)
SERVICE
SERVICE
Execution of service
• The ball shall be hit with one hand or any part of the arm after being
tossed or released from the hand(s).
• Only one toss or release of the ball is allowed. Dribbling or moving the
ball in the hands is permitted.
• At the moment of the service hit or take-off for a jump service, the server
must not touch the court (the end line included) or the floor outside the
service zone.
• After the hit, he/she may step or land outside the service zone, or inside
the court.
• The server must hit the ball within 8 seconds after the 1st referee
whistles for service
• A service executed before the referee's whistle is cancelled and repeated.
SERVICE
Screening
• The players of the serving team must not prevent their opponent,
through individual or collective screening, from seeing the service hit
and the flight path of the ball.
• A player or a group of players of the serving team make(s) a screen by
waving arms, jumping or moving sideways during the execution of the
service, or by standing grouped, in order that both the service hit and
the flight path of the ball are hidden until the ball reaches the vertical
plane of the net. Should either be visible to the receiving team this is
not a screen.
SERVICE
Faults made during service
• violate the service order,
• does not execute the service properly.
• touches a player of the serving team or fails to cross the vertical plane
of the net completely through the crossing space;
• goes “out”;
• passes over a screen
SERVICE
Serving Faults and Positional Faults
• If the server makes a fault at the moment of the service hit (improper
execution, wrong rotational order, etc.) and the opponent is out of
position, it is the serving fault that is sanctioned.

• Instead, if the execution of the service has been correct, but the
service subsequently becomes faulty (goes out, goes over a screen,
etc.), the positional fault has taken place first and is sanctioned.
ATTACK HIT
ATTACK HIT
• All actions which direct the ball towards the opponent, with the
exception of service and block, are considered as attack hits.

• During an attack hit, tipping is permitted only if the ball is cleanly hit,
and not caught or thrown.

• An attack hit is completed at the moment the ball completely crosses

the vertical plane of the net or is touched by an opponent
ATTACK HIT
Restrictions of the Attack Hit
• A front-row player may complete an attack hit at any height, provided
that the contact with the ball has been made within the player's own
playing space
• A back-row player may complete an attack hit at any height from
behind the front zone:
at his/her take-off, the player's foot (feet) must neither have touched
nor crossed over the attack line;
after his/her hit, the player may land within the front zone.
ATTACK HIT
Restrictions of the Attack Hit
• A back-row player may also complete an attack hit from the front
zone, if at the moment of the contact a part of the ball is lower than
the top of the net.
• No player is permitted to complete an attack hit on the OPPONENT’S
service, when the ball is in the front zone and entirely higher than the
top of the net.
ATTACK HIT
Faults of the Attack Hit
• A player hits the ball within the playing space of the opposing team.
• A player hits the ball “out”
• A back-row player completes an attack hit from the front zone, if at the
moment of the hit the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net.
• A player completes an attack hit on the opponent's service, when the
ball is in the front zone and entirely higher than the top of the net.
• A Libero completes an attack hit if at the moment of the hit the ball is
entirely higher than the top of the net.
• A player completes an attack hit from higher than the top of the net
when the ball is coming from an overhand finger pass by a Libero in
his/ her front zone.
BLOCK
BLOCK
BLOCKING

Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball
coming from the opponent by reaching higher than the top of the net,
regardless of the height of the ball contact. Only front-row players are
permitted to complete a block, but at the moment of the contact with
the ball, a part of the body must be higher than the top of the net.
BLOCK
BLOCK CONTACT
• Consecutive (quick and continuous) contacts with the ball may occur
by one or more blockers, provided that the contacts are made during
one action.

BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT’S SPACE

• In blocking, the player may place his/her hands and arms beyond the
net, provided that this action does not interfere with the opponent’s
play. Thus, it is not permitted to touch the ball beyond the net before
an opponent has executed an attack hit.
BLOCK
BLOCK AND TEAM HITS
• A block contact is not counted as a team hit. Consequently, after a
block contact, a team is entitled to three hits to return the ball.
• The first hit after the block may be executed by any player, including
the one who has touched the ball during the block.

BLOCKING THE SERVICE

• To block an opponent's service is forbidden.
BLOCK
BLOCKING FAULTS
• The blocker touches the ball in the OPPONENT’S space before the
opponent’s attack hit.
• A back-row player or a Libero completes a block or participates in a
completed block.
• Blocking the opponent’s service.
• The ball is sent “out” off the block.
• Blocking the ball in the opponent’s space from outside the antenna.
• A Libero attempts an individual or collective block.
INTERRUPTIONS, DELAYS AND
INTERVALS
INTERRUPTIONS, DELAYS AND INTERVALS
TIME-OUTS
• Time-out requests must be made by showing the corresponding hand
signal, when the ball is out of play and before the whistle for service.
All requested time-outs last for 30 seconds.

• During all time-outs, the players in play must go to the free zone near
their bench.
INTERRUPTIONS, DELAYS AND INTERVALS
SUBSTITUTIONS
• A substitution is the act by which a player, other than the Libero or
his/ her replacement player, after being recorded by the scorer, enters
the game to occupy the position of another player, who must leave
the court at that moment.

• When the substitution is enforced through injury to a player in play

this may be accompanied by the coach (or game captain) showing the
corresponding hand signal.
INTERRUPTIONS, DELAYS AND INTERVALS
LIMITATION OF SUBSTITUTIONS
• A player of the starting line-up may leave the game, but only once in
a set, and re-enter, but only once in a set, and only to his/her
previous position in the line-up.

• A substitute player may enter the game in place of a player of the

starting line-up, but only once per set, and he/she can only be
substituted by the same starting player.
INTERRUPTIONS, DELAYS AND INTERVALS
EXCEPTIONAL SUBSTITUTIONS
• A player (except the Libero) who cannot continue playing due to injury/
illness, or expulsion/disqualification should be substituted legally. If
this is not possible, the team is entitled to make an EXCEPTIONAL
substitution
• An exceptional substitution means that any player who is not on the
court at the time of the injury/illness/expulsion/disqualification, except
the Libero, second Libero or their regular replacement player, may be
substituted into the game for the injured/ill/expelled/disqualified
player. The injured/ill/expelled player substituted via exceptional
substitution is not allowed to re-enter the match.
• An exceptional substitution cannot be counted in any case as a regular
substitution but should be recorded on the score sheet as part of the
total of substitutions in the set and the match.
THE LIBERO PLAYER
THE LIBERO PLAYER
DESIGNATION OF THE LIBERO
• Each team has the right to designate from the list of players on the
score sheet up to two specialist defensive players: Liberos.
• All Liberos must be recorded on the score sheet in the special lines
reserved for this.
• The Libero on court is the Acting Libero. If there is another Libero, he/
she is the second Libero for the team.
• Only one Libero may be on the court at any time.
THE LIBERO PLAYER
ACTIONS INVOLVING LIBERO
• The Libero is allowed to replace any player in a back row position.
• He/she is restricted to perform as a back row player and is not
allowed to complete an attack hit from anywhere (including playing
court and free zone) if at the moment of the contact the ball is
entirely higher than the top of the net
• He/she may not serve, block or attempt to block.
• A player may not complete an attack hit when the ball is entirely
higher than the top of the net, if the ball is coming from an overhand
finger pass by a Libero in his/her front zone. The ball may be freely
attacked if the Libero makes the same action from outside his/her
front zone.
THE LIBERO PLAYER
ACTIONS INVOLVING LIBERO
• Libero Replacements are not counted as substitutions.
• The regular replacement player may replace and be replaced by either
Libero. The Acting Libero can only be replaced by the regular replacement
player for that position or by the second Libero.
• At the start of each set, the Libero cannot enter the court until the 2nd
referee has checked the line-up and authorised a Libero replacement with a
starting player.
• Other Libero replacements must only take place while the ball is out of play
and before the whistle for service.
• A Libero replacement made after the whistle for service but before the
service hit should not be rejected; however, at the end of the rally, the
game captain must be informed that this is not a permitted procedure, and
that repetition will be subject to delay sanctions.
THE LIBERO PLAYER
ACTIONS INVOLVING LIBERO
• The Libero and the replacing player may only enter or leave the court
through the Libero Replacement Zone.
MISCONDUCT AND SANCTIONS
MISCONDUCT AND SANCTIONS
MINOR MISCONDUCT
Minor misconduct offenses are not subject to sanctions. It is the 1st
referee’s duty to prevent the teams from approaching the sanctioning
level.
This is done in two stages:
Stage 1: by issuing a verbal warning through the game captain;

Stage 2: by use of a YELLOW CARD to the team member(s) concerned.

This formal warning is not in itself a sanction but a symbol that the
team member (and by extension the team) has reached the sanctioning
level for the match. It is recorded in the score sheet but has no
immediate consequences
MISCONDUCT AND SANCTIONS
MISCONDUCT LEADING TO SANCTIONS
Incorrect conduct by a team member towards officials, opponents,
team-mates, or spectators is classified into three categories according
to the seriousness of the offense.

Rude conduct: action contrary to good manners or moral principles.

Offensive conduct: defamatory or insulting words or gestures or any
action expressing contempt.
Aggression: actual physical attack or aggressive or threatening
behavior.
MISCONDUCT AND SANCTIONS
SANCTION SCALE
Penalty: The first rude conduct in the match by any team member is
penalized with a point and service to the opponent.

Expulsion: A team member who is sanctioned by expulsion must be

substituted legally/exceptionally and immediately if on court, shall not
participate for the rest of the set, and must go to the team’s dressing
room until the completion of the ongoing set with no other
consequences
An expelled coach loses his/her right to intervene in the set and must
go to the team’s dressing room until the completion of the ongoing
set.
MISCONDUCT AND SANCTIONS
SANCTION SCALE
Expulsion:
The first offensive conduct by a team member is sanctioned by
expulsion with no other consequences.
The second rude conduct in the same match by the same team
member is sanctioned by expulsion with no other consequences

Disqualification:
A team member who is sanctioned by disqualification must be
substituted legally/exceptionally and immediately if on court and
must go to the team’s dressing room for the rest of the match with no
other consequences.
MISCONDUCT AND SANCTIONS
SANCTION SCALE
Disqualification:
The first physical attack or implied or threatened aggression is
sanctioned by disqualification with no other consequences.
The second offensive conduct in the same match by the same team
member is sanctioned by disqualification with no other
consequences.
The third rude conduct in the same match by the same team member
is sanctioned by disqualification with no other consequences.
MISCONDUCT AND SANCTIONS
APPLICATION OF MISCONDUCT SANCTIONS
• All misconduct sanctions are individual sanctions, remain in force for
the entire match, and are recorded on the score sheet
• The repetition of misconduct by the same team member in the same
match is sanctioned progressively (the team member receives a
heavier sanction for each successive offense).
• Expulsion or disqualification due to offensive conduct or aggression
does not require a previous sanction
MISCONDUCT AND SANCTIONS
SUMMARY OF MISCONDUCT AND CARDS USED
Warning: no sanction
Stage 1: verbal warning
Stage 2: Symbol yellow card
Penalty: sanction
symbol Red card
Expulsion: sanction
symbol Red + Yellow cards jointly
Disqualification: sanction
symbol Red + Yellow card separately
THANK YOU!