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Wired Protocols

The document discusses several basic wired and wireless protocols: - Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) standardizes how wireless devices connect to the internet. - Wired networks use physical cables while wireless uses radio waves or infrared. - Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) protocol enables serial communication between devices without a clock signal using two lines. - Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol uses two bidirectional lines to transfer data between chips, incorporating features like addressing, acknowledgement, and clock stretching.

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93 views13 pages

Wired Protocols

The document discusses several basic wired and wireless protocols: - Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) standardizes how wireless devices connect to the internet. - Wired networks use physical cables while wireless uses radio waves or infrared. - Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) protocol enables serial communication between devices without a clock signal using two lines. - Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol uses two bidirectional lines to transfer data between chips, incorporating features like addressing, acknowledgement, and clock stretching.

Uploaded by

youandme091223
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BASIC WIRED AND WIRELESS

PROTOCOLS
UNIT 2
BASIC WIRE AND
WIRELESS PROTOCOLS

• WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL (WAP) is a specification


for a set of communication protocols to standardize the way wireless
devices, such as mobile phones and radio transceivers, can be used
for internet access, including email, the web, newsgroups and instant
messaging.
WIRED PROTOCOL

• WIRED NETWORKS USE PHYSICAL CABLES FOR


CONNECTION, while wireless networks use radio waves or infrared
signals for connectivity. wired networks, as the name suggests,
involve the use of physical cables and wires to connect different
devices in a network.
UART

• UART MEANS UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER


TRANSMITTER PROTOCOL. UART is used for serial communication from the
name itself we can understand the functions of uart, where u stands for universal
which means this protocol can be applied to any transmitter and receiver, and a is
for asynchronous which means one cannot use clock signal for communication
of data and r and t refers to receiver and transmitter hence uart refers to a
protocol in which serial data communication will happen without clock signal.
• PROS OF UART PROTOCOL
• it is having less physical interfacing based on only two lines.
• simple to configure data and data size. speed is also configurable. in the majority of cases, this
baud rate is 9600 for the uart protocol. full duplex mode configuration is possible by using two
wires so that is the major advantage of uart.
• error detention is possible
• CONS OF UART PROTOCOL
• UART is having serial communication, therefore, it has less speed.
• start bit, stop bit, and the parity bit is other overhead.
• since this is asynchronous communication so here there are many things that we need to do in
configuration, for instance, we should configure both devices at the same speed because the
clock signal is absent.
I2C
• I2C stands for inter-integrated circuit. it is a bus interface connection protocol incorporated into
devices for serial communication. it was originally designed by philips semiconductor in 1982.
recently, it is a widely used protocol for short-distance communication. it is also known as two
wired interface(twi).
• WORKING OF I2C COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL :
• it uses only 2 bi-directional open-drain lines for data communication called sda and scl. both
these lines are pulled high.
• SERIAL DATA (SDA) – TRANSFER OF DATA TAKES PLACE THROUGH THIS PIN.
• SERIAL CLOCK (SCL) – IT CARRIES THE CLOCK SIGNAL.
• REPEATED START CONDITION :
• Between Each Start And Stop Condition Pair, The Bus Is Considered As Busy And No Master
Can Take Control Of The Bus. If The Master Tries To Initiate A New Transfer And Does Not
Want To Release The Bus Before Starting The New Transfer, It Issues A New START Condition.
It Is Called A REPEATED START Condition.
• READ/WRITE BIT :
• A High Read/Write Bit Indicates That The Master Is Sending The Data To The Slave, Whereas A
Low Read/Write Bit Indicates That The Master Is Receiving Data From The Slave.
• MASTER MODE
• SLAVE MODE

• Each Data Bit Transferred On SDA Line Is Synchronized By A High To The Low Pulse Of Each
Clock On The SCL Line.
• THE SEQUENCE OF THESE BITS ARE

1. START CONDITION – 1 BIT


2. SLAVE ADDRESS – 8 BIT
3. ACKNOWLEDGE – 1 BIT
• START AND STOP CONDITIONS :
• START AND STOP can be generated by keeping the scl line high and changing the level of sda.
to generate start condition the sda is changed from high to low while keeping the scl high.
• FEATURES OF I2C COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL :
• HALF-DUPLEX COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL –
Bi-directional Communication Is Possible But Not Simultaneously.
• Synchronous Communication –
The Data Is Transferred In The Form Of Frames Or Blocks.
• Can Be Configured In A Multi-master Configuration.
• Clock Stretching –
The Clock Is Stretched When The Slave Device Is Not Ready To Accept More Data By Holding
The Scl Line Low, Hence Disabling The Master To Raise The Clock Line. Master Will Not Be
Able To Raise The Clock Line Because The Wires Are AND Wired And Wait Until The Slave
Releases The SCL Line To Show It Is Ready To Transfer Next Bit.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

• ADVANTAGES :
• Can Be Configured In Multi-master Mode.
• Complexity Is Reduced Because It Uses Only 2 Bi-directional Lines (Unlike Spi
Communication).
• Cost-efficient.
• It Uses Ack/Nack Feature Due To Which It Has Improved Error Handling Capabilities.
•
Limitations :
• Slower Speed.
• Half-duplex Communication Is Used In The I2c Communication Protocol.

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