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Leukemia 2

Leukemia is cancer of the blood and bone marrow characterized by the uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells. Signs and symptoms include fever, fatigue, infections, bruising, weight loss, and bone or abdominal pain. Treatment involves chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy or stem cell transplant. Nursing focuses on infection control, managing pain and fluids, enhancing tolerance to activity, and providing education to patients and families.

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Ann Fenelope Anisco
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30 views15 pages

Leukemia 2

Leukemia is cancer of the blood and bone marrow characterized by the uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells. Signs and symptoms include fever, fatigue, infections, bruising, weight loss, and bone or abdominal pain. Treatment involves chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy or stem cell transplant. Nursing focuses on infection control, managing pain and fluids, enhancing tolerance to activity, and providing education to patients and families.

Uploaded by

Ann Fenelope Anisco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRINCESS ALBESOR

LEXIE VILLARRUZ
SEQUENCE

 DEFINITION
 ETIOLOGY
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MAP
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 MEDICAL AND SURGICAL
MANAGEMENT
 NURSING INTERVENTION
DEFINITION
What is Leukemia:

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the


blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by
the uncontrolled production of abnormal
white blood cells. White blood cells are
responsible for fighting infection in the body,
but in leukemia, the bone marrow produces
excessive and abnormal white blood cells,
which can crowd out normal blood cells.
ETIOLOGY

 Causes of Leukemia: The exact cause of


leukemia remains largely unknown, but
several factors may contribute to its
development:
 Genetic Factors
 Environmental Exposures
 Pre-existing Blood Disorders
 Smoking
 Family history of leukemia
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MAP
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Symptoms and Sign of Leukemia: The symptoms of
leukemia can vary depending on the type and stage of the
disease, but common signs include:
Fever or chills
Fatigue and Weakness:
 Feeling unusually tired or weak, even with adequate rest.
Frequent Infections:
 Increased susceptibility to infections due to low white blood
cell count.
Easy Bruising and Bleeding:
 Unexplained bruises or bleeding, including nosebleeds and
gum bleeding.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

Unexplained Weight Loss:


 Significant weight loss without an apparent
cause.
Bone Pain:
 Pain or tenderness in bones and joints.
Swollen Lymph Nodes:
 Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or
groin.
Abdominal Discomfort:
 Enlargement of the liver or spleen can lead to
abdominal discomfort.
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
MEDICAL CARE:
Chemotherapy:
 Powerful drugs target and kill cancer cells.
Radiation Therapy:
 High-energy X-rays target cancer cells in specific areas.
Targeted Therapy:
 Drugs specifically target certain molecules involved in cancer growth.
Immunotherapy:
Treatment enhances the body’s immune response against cancer cells.
Clinical Trials:
Participation in clinical trials to access new treatments and therapies.
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
SURGICAL CARE
Stem Cell Transplant:
 Healthy stem cells are transplanted to replace
damaged or cancerous cells.
Bone marrow transplant:
 Bone marrow transplant is a choice that can be
considered for a patient with ALL. it also a
specialized procedure in which healthy stem
cells are infused into the blood
NURSING INTERVENTION

Promoting Infection Control and Management


1.Closely monitor the temperature
2.Monitor laboratory studies
3.Handle the patient gently.
4.Encourage increased intake of foods high in protein
and fluids with adequate fiber.
NURSING INTERVENTION

 Managing Fluid Volume


1.Monitor BP and HR
2.Monitor laboratory studies: platelets, Hb/Hct, clotting
3.Promote good nutrition.
4.Encourage oral hygiene. Limit oral care to mouthwash
if indicated. Avoid mouthwashes with alcohol
5.Administer RBCs, platelets, and clotting factors.
NURSING INTERVENTION
 Managing Acute Pain
1.Investigate reports of pain
2. Provide a quiet environment and reduce stressful
stimuli. Limit or reduce noise, lighting, and constant
interruptions.
3 Evaluate and support the patient’s coping mechanisms.
4. Ensure a quiet and peaceful environment.
NURSING INTERVENTION

 Enhancing Tolerance to Activity


1.Monitor and record vital signs and oxygen saturation levels.
2.Provide quiet environment and uninterrupted rest periods.
Encourage rest periods before meals.
3.Recommend small, nutritious, high-protein meals and snacks
throughout the day.
4.Provide supplemental oxygen.
NURSING INTERVENTION
 Initiating Health Teachings and Patient
Education
1.Review pathology of specific form of
leukemia and various treatment options.
2. Provide psychological support by
establishing a trusting relationship to
promote communication.
3.Involve family members or support
persons in the education process.

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