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Unit - 3 Graphs & Charts

The document discusses different types of diagrams used in statistics including bar diagrams, pie charts, and others. It provides definitions and examples of one-dimensional bar diagrams including simple, subdivided, and percentage bar diagrams. Advantages and principles of bar diagrams are also covered.

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karthikpranesh7
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23 views35 pages

Unit - 3 Graphs & Charts

The document discusses different types of diagrams used in statistics including bar diagrams, pie charts, and others. It provides definitions and examples of one-dimensional bar diagrams including simple, subdivided, and percentage bar diagrams. Advantages and principles of bar diagrams are also covered.

Uploaded by

karthikpranesh7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF DIAGRAMS

IN STATISTICS
What is Statistics??
• Statistics is the method of conducting a study
about a particular topic by collecting,
organizing, interpreting, and finally
presenting data.
Usage of statistics in our daily life
• Government
Agencies
• Science and Medicine
• Psychology
• Education
• Companies
Types of Diagrams

• The frequently used diagrams are divided into the


following four heads.
1. One dimensional diagrams – Bar diagrams
2.Two dimensional diagrams – Pie diagrams,
Rectangles, Square and Circles
3. Three dimensional diagrams – Cubes
4. Pictograms and Cartograms
One – Dimensional Diagrams

• Bar diagrams are the most commonly used


diagrams.
• Shape of a bar is like a rectangle filled with some
colour.
• They are called one dimensional diagrams
because only length of the bar matters and not
the width.
Definition of Bar Graph
 A Bar Graph is a chart that
uses either horizontal or vertical
bars to show comparisons
between categories
Represents
individually separate
and distinct values.

Y – Axis

X- Axis
Shows the specific
categories being
compared.
Types of One – Dimensional Diagrams

• Simple Bar Diagram


• Subdivided Bar Diagram
• Multiple Bar Diagram
• Percentage Bar Diagram
Advantages of Bar chart
• Show each data category in a frequency
distribution.
• Display relative numbers or proportions of
multiple categories.
• Summarize a large data set in visual form.
• Estimate key values at a glance.
• Easily understood due to widespread use in
business and the media.
Disadvantages of Bar graph
• Require additional explanation
• Easily manipulated to yield false impressions
• Fail to reveal key assumptions, causes,
effects, or patterns
Principles of Construction of Bar Diagrams
• The width of each bar must be uniform in a diagram.
• The gap between two bars should be uniform
throughout the diagram.
• Bars may be either horizontal or vertical. The
vertical bars should be preferred because they give a
better look than horizontal bars and also facilitate
comparison.
• The respective figures should also be written at the
top of bars so that the reader may able to know the
precise value without looking at the scale.
Simple Bar Chart
• It is suitable to represent one way classified
data.
EXAMPLE

Years 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993


Profit
(million $$) 10 12 18 25 42
The profit (in Rs crore) of a company from 1990-91 to 1999-
2000 are given below:
Represent this data by a simple bar diagram.

Year Profit (in Rs Year Profit (in Rs


crore) crore)

1990- 35.6 1995-96 87.2


91
1991- 46.7 1996-97 113.1
92
1992- 39.8 1997-98 123.6
93
1993- 68.2 1998-99 119.7
94
1994- 93.5 99-2000 130.8
95
Multiple Bar Chart
• Multiple Bar diagram is suitable when
components are to be compared within each
group.
Draw the multiple bar diagram for the
following data.

Year Sale Gross profit Net profit


(in Rs) (in Rs) (in Rs)
1990 100 30 10
1995 120 40 15
2000 130 45 25
2005 150 50 30
2010 200 70 30
SUBDIVIDED BAR GRAPH
SUBDIVIDED BAR GRAPH
• What is a sub divided bar graph?
Sub-divided chat is used to represent data in
which the total magnitude is divided into
different or components.

• Why is subdivided bar graph used?


1. Sub-divided bar graph helpful in
representing the total number of elements in
a group.
2.Sub-divided bar graph also helps in identifying
and comparing the difference between the
components
EXAMPLE
DIVISION A B C
NUMBER OF 30 25 15
BOYS
NUMBER OF 15 20 35
GIRLS
TOTAL NUMBER 45 45 50
OF STUDENTS
GRAPH REPRESENTATION

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
A B C
NUMVBER OF BOYS NUMBER OF GIRLS
EXAMPLE
EXPENSE OF FAMILY A B

FOOD 2000 1700

CLOTHING 2400 2800

PETROL 1000 1100

TOTAL 5400 5600


GRAPH REPRESENTATION

100%
1000 1100
80%

60% 2400 2800

40%

20% 2000 1700

0%
A B
FOOD CLOTHING PETROL
Percentage Bar Diagram
• Subdivided bar diagram drawn on the basis of
the percentage of the total is known as
percentage bar diagram.
• Percentage Bar diagram is suitable when
components are to be compared in percentage
form.
Draw a percentage bar diagram for the
following data:
Category Cost Per Unit (1990) Cost Per Unit (2000)
Material 20 32
Labour 25 36
Delivery 5 12
Total 50 80
First of all are obtained for both the
years in various category .

Category Cost Per Unit (2000)


Cost % Cost %
Cost Cost
Material 20 40 32 40
Labour 25 50 36 45

Delivery 5 10 12 15

Total 50 100 80 100

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