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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA function to store and transmit genetic information. They are made up of nucleotides which contain a nitrogen base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group. DNA has a double strand held together in a double helix structure by hydrogen bonds between nucleotide base pairs, while RNA is single stranded.

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49 views10 pages

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA function to store and transmit genetic information. They are made up of nucleotides which contain a nitrogen base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group. DNA has a double strand held together in a double helix structure by hydrogen bonds between nucleotide base pairs, while RNA is single stranded.

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Rhyza
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nucleic

Acidsstorage
Information

2006-2007
AP Biology
Nucleic
Acids
⚫ Function:
⚫ store & transmit genetic information
⚫ Examples:
⚫ RNA (ribonucleic acid) (rRNA, mRNA, tRNA)
⚫ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
⚫ ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
⚫ Supplies energy for synthetic reactions and for other energy-
requiring processes in cells
⚫ Structure:
⚫ monomers = nucleotides
⚫ Polymers = polynucleotides (DNA, RNA)

AP Biology
Nucleotides
⚫ 3 parts
⚫ nitrogen base (C-N
ring)
⚫ pentose sugar (5C)
⚫ ribose in RNA
⚫ deoxyribose in DNA
⚫ phosphate (PO4) group

AP Biology
RNA &
⚫ RNA
DNA
⚫ single nucleotide chain
⚫ DNA
⚫ double nucleotide chain
⚫ N bases bond in
pairs across
chains
⚫ spiraled in a double
helix

AP Biology
Building the
polymer

AP Biology
Nucleic
polymer
⚫ Backbone
⚫ sugar to PO4 bond
⚫ new base added to sugar of previous
base
⚫ polymer grows in one direction
⚫ N bases hang off the
sugar-phosphate backbone

Dangling bases?
Why is this important?

AP Biology
DNA
molecule
⚫ Double helix
⚫ H bonds between bases join the
2
strands
⚫ Adenine::Thymine
⚫ (A-T)
⚫ Cytosine:: Guanine
⚫ (C-G)

⚫ RNA
o A-U (Uracil)
o G-C
AP Biology
Information
polymer
⚫ Function
⚫ series of bases encodes
information
⚫ like the letters of a book
⚫ stored information is
passed from parent to
offspring
⚫ need to copy accurately
⚫ stored information =
genes
⚫ genetic information
Passing on information?
Why is this important?

AP Biolog y
G
T T
A
C C
A G
A
G
AP Biology A
C T
AP Biology

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