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Chapter 7

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25 views

Chapter 7

Uploaded by

Markos Mathewos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter - 7

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)


and Its Environment
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
• Wireless application protocol (WAP) is a
communications protocol that is used for
wireless data access through most mobile
wireless networks.
• WAP enhances wireless specification
interoperability and facilitates instant
connectivity between interactive wireless
devices (such as mobile phones) and the
Internet
Cont’d…
WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol. The
dictionary definition of these terms are as follows −
• Wireless − Lacking or not requiring a wire or wires
pertaining to radio transmission.
• Application − A computer program or piece of
computer software that is designed to do a specific
task.
• Protocol − A set of technical rules about how
information should be transmitted and received
using computers.
Cont’d…
• WAP is the set of rules governing the
transmission and reception of data by
computer applications on or via wireless
devices like mobile phones. WAP allows
wireless devices to view specifically designed
pages from the Internet
Why is WAP Important?
• Until the first WAP devices emerged, the Internet was a Internet and a
mobile phone was a mobile phone. You could surf the Net, do serious
research, or be entertained on the Internet using your computer, but this
was limited to your computer.
• Now with the appearance of WAP, the scene is that we have the massive
information, communication, and data resources of the Internet becoming
more easily available to anyone with a mobile phone or communications
device.
• WAP being open and secure, is well suited for many different applications
including, but not limited to stock market information, weather forecasts,
enterprise data, and games.
• Despite the common misconception, developing WAP applications requires
only a few modifications to existing web applications. The current set of web
application development tools will easily support WAP development, and in
the future more development tools will be announced.
Layers of WAP Protocol

WAP is designed in a layered fashion, so that it can be extensible,


flexible, and scalable. As a result, the WAP protocol stack is divided
into five layers −
• Application Layer
Wireless Application Environment (WAE). This layer is of most
interest to content developers because it contains among other
things, device specifications, and the content development
programming languages, WML, and WMLScript.
• Session Layer
Wireless Session Protocol (WSP). Unlike HTTP, WSP has been
designed by the WAP Forum to provide fast connection suspension
and reconnection.
Cont’d…
• Transaction Layer
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP). The WTP runs on top of
a datagram service, such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and
is part of the standard suite of TCP/IP protocols used to provide
a simplified protocol suitable for low bandwidth wireless
stations.
• Security Layer
Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS). WTLS incorporates
security features that are based upon the established Transport
Layer Security (TLS) protocol standard. It includes data integrity
checks, privacy, service denial, and authentication services.
Cont’d…
• Transport Layer
• Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP). The WDP allows WAP to be bearer-
independent by adapting the transport layer of the underlying bearer.
The WDP presents a consistent data format to the higher layers of the
WAP protocol stack, thereby offering the advantage of bearer
independence to application developers.
• Each of these layers provides a well-defined interface to the layer above
it. This means that the internal workings of any layer are transparent or
invisible to the layers above it. The layered architecture allows other
applications and services to utilize the features provided by the WAP-
stack as well. This makes it possible to use the WAP-stack for services and
applications that currently are not specified by WAP.
• The WAP protocol architecture is shown below alongside a typical
Internet Protocol stack.
Cont’d…
Components of WAE
Addressing Model
• A syntax suitable for naming resources stored on servers.
WAP use the same addressing model as the one used on
the Internet that is Uniform Resource Locators (URL).
Wireless Markup Language (WML)
• A lightweight markup language designed to meet the
constraints of a wireless environment with low
bandwidth and small handheld devices. The Wireless
Markup Language is WAP's analogy to HTML used on the
WWW. WML is based on the Extensible Markup
Language (XML).
Cont’d…
WML Script
• A lightweight scripting language. WMLScript is based on
ECMAScript, the same scripting language that JavaScript is
based on. It can be used for enhancing services written in
WML in the way that it to some extent adds intelligence to the
services; for example, procedural logic, loops, conditional
expressions, and computational functions.
Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)
• A framework and programming interface for telephony
services. The Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)
environment provides a means to create telephony services
using WAP.
Hardware and Software Requirement

• At minimum developing WAP applications requires a


web server and a WAP simulator. Using simulator
software while developing a WAP application is
convenient as all the required software can be
installed on the development PC.
• Although, software simulators are good in their own
right, no WAP application should go into production
without testing it with actual hardware. The following
list gives a quick overview of the necessary hardware
and software to test and develop WAP applications
Cont’d…
• A web server with connection to the Internet
• A WML to develop WAP application
• A WAP simulator to test WAP application
• A WAP gateway
• A WAP phone for final testing.
Microsoft IIS or Apache on Windows or Linux
can be used as the web server
Assignment (5 %)
• Write about android applications?
• How can you develop Android Applications?
Which programming tool you use?

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