Distinguish

Technical Terms
Used in Research
Presented by: ERICKA MARIE A.
CORTEZ
 OBJECTIVES:
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define and distinguish key terminologies used in

research.
2. Understand the importance of research terminology in
conducting and understanding research studies.
3. Apply knowledge of research terminology to narrow
down research topics into focused research statements
or questions.
 Activity Time!
WORD DETECTIVE!

Today's activity will test your detective skills

with words! We have 15 rolled papers and 15
cut papers, all related to our topic for today.
 WHY IS RESEARCH
IMPORTANT?
Well, the main purpose of
research is to inform action, to
prove a theory, and to
contribute to developing
knowledge in a field or study.
Research is required not just for
students and academics, but for
all professionals and
nonprofessionals alike.
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Research can be defined as “a
systematic and scientific
procedure of data collection,
compilation, analysis,
interpretation, and implication on
any problem.” It involves the
quest for answers to unsolved
problems.
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Moreover, research methods may
be defined as “a systematic and
scientific procedure of data
collection, compilation, analysis,
interpretation, and implication
pertaining to any problem
(Bajpai, 2011, p.4).”
 The two major types of research
methods can be broadly divided into
quantitative and qualitative
categories.
 Quantitative research
Describes, infers, and
resolves problems using
numbers. Emphasis is placed on
the collection of numerical data,
the summary of those data, and
the drawing of inferences from
the data.
 Qualitative research
Is based on words, feelings,
emotions, sounds, and other non-
numerical and unquantifiable
elements. It has been noted that
“information is considered
qualitative if it cannot be analyzed
by means of mathematical
techniques (Picknell, 2021). “
 Technical
Terms/Terminologies
Used in Research
 RESEARCH
Is collecting data and information,
learning, and finding new things. It is also
an advanced knowledge that follows a
systematic process of collecting and
analyzing information to understand more
the phenomena under study.

Action research, thesis, dissertation, and

case study are examples of research.
  CONCEPT
Is a term that abstractly describes and names an object, a
phenomenon, or an idea.

Examples of concepts include common demographic measures:

- Income – P5,000 – P8,000
- Age – 18 y/o – 20 y/o
- Education Level – High School Graduate, College Graduate, Post
Graduate
- Number of Siblings – 3 siblings in the family, 4 or more siblings in
  THEORY
Is an organized body of concepts and principles
intended to explain a particular phenomenon.

Examples include:
The theory of relativity, atomic theory,
theory of evolution, and quantum
theory
  QUANTITATIVE METHOD
This is a method that focuses on numbers, and objective hard data.
It proves hypotheses by statistical analysis and scientific methods. It is
called a formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data is
used to obtain information about the world. It is used to describe
variables. It examines relationships among variables.

Example:
Is a drug abuser telling you how many pills
they consume per week?
  QUALITATIVE METHOD
It uses words instead of numbers to display data. It focuses on
feelings, not numerical data. A small number of participants were
involved in a qualitative research study. This kind of research method
utilizes interviews, archived written information, and observations to
measure the significance of a relationship between variables.

Example:
Is a drug abuser telling you how they feel
about abusing drugs?
  VARIABLES
Are any quality of a person, group subject, event,
condition, or situation that varies or takes on
different values.

Examples:
Age, Sex, Business income and
expenses, Country of…
  HYPOTHESIS
Is a logical supposition, a reasonable guess, and an educated
conjecture.
It provides a tentative explanation of a phenomenon under
investigation.

EXAMPLE:
Researcher might be interested in the relationship between study
habits and test anxiety. The researcher would propose a hypothesis
about how these two variables are related, such as "Test anxiety
decreases as a result of effective study habits."
  SAMPLING
It is the process of selecting participants who are representatives
Of a larger population – to gain an understanding of a larger
population.

EXAMPLE:
A random sample may include choosing the names of 25
employees out of a hat in a company of 250 employees. The
population is all 250 employees, and the sample is random
because each employee has an equal chance of being
chosen.
 Activity: Looking back at those research
terminologies

Can you still recall the terms in the search puzzle? Try
to identify what examples are given. Connect the
pictures to the terminologies.
 SMART
goals and objectives
 SMART
Is a good way to remember
the fundamentals of research
paper writing and to help
prepare an author to write a
successful research paper.
 SMART
The SMART framework
defines goals and objectives
clearly and practically,
making them more
actionable and increasing the
likelihood of success.
 S-PECIFIC
A research paper should be specific. It
should maintain its focus on the given subject
of research - answering a specific research
question - and not be inconsistent or aimless
as to convey information or make claims on
other, unrelated topics or subjects.
 M-EASURABLE
A research paper must contain
specific, proven research, and cites
all research sources and related
literature.
 A-TTAINABLE
A research paper must provide a thesis
statement, one that answers the research
question and contributes to the knowledge of
the given subject. It can't propose to answer a
question that doesn't relate to real life or isn't
based on an existing body of knowledge.
 R-EALISTIC
A research paper is objective and
realistic. Should it be made to present
interpretations, arguments, or evaluations,
then it should do so based on valid
evidence from reliable sources.
 T-IME
A research paper cannot be written without the
researcher knowing the limits, timeframes, and focus of
the required work. Without the writer / researcher
stating the scope and limitations of the research paper,
the thesis statement will likely be hampered by an
inability to answer the given research question or focus
on the given research subject.
 Here are some common ways
you can narrow down a research
topic:
 BY DEMOGRAPHIC
CHARACTERISTICS Example:
Challenges
Narrow it down by faced by
international
age group, college
occupation, ethnic graduates
group, gender, etc. entering the
workforce.
 BY RELEVANT
ISSUE
Example:
Try to identify key issues
related to your topic, Challenges
especially ones that you faced by college
graduates who
have an opinion on. You are unable to
can turn your opinion into find meaningful
your thesis statement or or relevant work.
research question.
BY LOCATION
EXAMPLE:
Focus on a specific Challenges
country, province, faced by college
city, or type of graduates
entering the
environment (rural workforce in
vs. urban). rural Ontario.
 BY TIMEFRAME
Example:
Decide whether you want
Challenges faced
to study recent events or a by college
historical time period. This graduates
will also help you decide entering the
how current the workforce during
the COVID-19
information you use must pandemic.
be.
 BY CAUSES
EXAMPLE:
You can take the
perspective of Why do
looking for the employers
hire fewer
causes of an issue college
you are researching. graduates?
 SMART
goals and objectives
 Activity:
Locate and Provide

This activity is to help you IDENTIFY, and

UNDERSTAND thesis topics.

Identification: Take a look at the passages

below. In each paragraph identify the following
by: Demographic Characteristics, Location,
Time-frame, Issue, and causes.
 ASSIGNMENT
Filling in those blanks
To check your understanding of the lesson, put into correct order the following steps in writing
the research paper. Arrange them by numbering them from 1-11.
____ A. limiting your subject to specific
____ B. finding an angle and writing a statement of controlling purpose
____ C. choosing your subject
____ D. doing preliminary research
____ E. preparing a list of possible sources, a working bibliography
____ F. writing the final draft
____ G. taking notes and developing a rough, or working, outline
____ H. writing your first draft
____ I. writing your Works Cited page, a complete list of sources used in the Paper
____ J. revising your first draft
____ K. organizing notes and making a final outline
 THANKS
!

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