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Flow Control

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20 views

Flow Control

Uploaded by

janethroseudarbe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLOW CONTROL

MARS Assembly Language


Objectives
After completing this lab, you will:
• Get familiar with MIPS Jump and Branch instructions
• Learn about pseudo instructions in MIPS
• Learn how to translate high-level flow control constructs (if-then-else,
for loop, while loop) to MIPS code
MIPS Jump and Branch Functions
MIPS Jump and Branch Functions
For unconditional jump, the instruction j label is used where label is the address
of the target instruction as shown below:
MIPS Jump and Branch Functions
BASED ON THE CONDITION WHETHER 2 REGISTERS ARE EQUAL OR
NOT:
MIPS Jump and Branch Functions
Comparing the content of a register with zero (0):
MIPS Jump and Branch Functions
MIPS also provides four set on less than instructions as follows:
MIPS Jump and Branch Functions
For example, assume that $s0 = 1 and $s1 = -1 = 0xffffffff, then the following
two instructions produce different results as shown below:
Pseudo Instructions
For example, the MIPS processor does not have the following useful
conditional branch comparison instructions:
Pseudo Instructions
For example, the instruction blt $s0, $s1, label can be implemented
using the following sequence of two instructions:
Pseudo Instructions
Similarly, the instruction ble $s2, $s3, label can be implemented using
the following sequence of two instructions:
Pseudo Instructions
More examples of pseudo instructions. Note that the assembler
temporary register $at=$1 is reserved for its own use.
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
We can translate any high-level flow construct into assembly language using the
jump, branch and set-less-than instructions. For example, let us consider the
following if statement:
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
Let us assume that variables a, b, c, d, e are stored in registers $s0 thru $s4
respectively. The following assembly code implements this IF statement:
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
We can also implement an IF statement with a compound condition involving
logical AND operation. For example, let us consider implementing the
following IF statement:
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
The IF statement is implemented efficiently using the following assembly code
which uses the fall through concept which skips the execution of the instruction
if the first condition is false otherwise it continues the execution:
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
Similarly, we can translate an IF statement with a compound condition
involving logical OR operation. For example, let us consider implementing the
following IF statement:
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
The IF statement is implemented efficiently using the following assembly code
which checks the first condition and if it is true, it skips the second condition:
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
We can also implement all types of loops. Let us consider implementing the
following for loop:
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
Let us assume that variable i is stored in register $s0 and n is stored in register
$s1. Then, the for loop is implemented using the following assembly code:
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
Consider the implementing of the following while loop:
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
Finally, let us consider implementing the following do-while loop:
Translating High-Level Flow Control
Constructs
The do-while loop can be translated using the following assembly code:
Laboratory Exercises
1. Write a program that asks the user to enter an integer and then displays the
number of 1's in the binary representation of that integer. For example, if
the user enters 9, then the program should display 2.
2. Write a program that asks the user to enter two integers: n1 and n2 and
prints the sum of all numbers from n1 to n2. For example, if the user enters
n1=3 and n2=7, then the program should display the sum as 25.
3. Write a program that asks the user to enter an integer and then display the
hexadecimal representation of that integer.
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